<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-3-107-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-1009</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стероидрезистентный нефротический синдром у ребенка, ассоциированный с мутацией в гене INF2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Steroidresistant nephrotic syndrome in a child associated with a mutation in the INF2 gene</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Сергеевна Журавлева – кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Zhuravleva – MD</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jurnas178@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фрайфельд</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frayfeld</surname><given-names>Т. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Фрайфельд – студент</p><p>Екатеринбург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Frayfeld – student</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tania.frayfeld@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-6816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobieva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Алексеевна Воробьева – кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Vorobieva – MD</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvorob70@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Телина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Telina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Сергеевна Телина – врач-нефролог</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Telina – nephrologist</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">p-asja@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеева</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineeva</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Юрьевна Минеева – врач-нефролог</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Yu. Mineeva – nephrologist</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mineevany@mis66.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University; Regional children's clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Национальный центр клинической морфологической диагностики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center for Clinical Morphological Diagnostics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional children's clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Журавлева Н.С., Фрайфельд Т.А., Воробьева О.А., Телина А.С., Минеева Н.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журавлева Н.С., Фрайфельд Т.А., Воробьева О.А., Телина А.С., Минеева Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuravleva N.S., Frayfeld Т.A., Vorobieva O.A., Telina A.S., Mineeva N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1009">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1009</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Нефротический синдром (НС) – заболевание почечных клубочков, которое в детском возрасте встречается с частотой 12–16 на 100 000. Более 85 % детей с НС отвечают на терапию кортикостероидами, примерно 10–15 % остаются невосприимчивыми или позже становятся устойчивыми к ним. У 10–30 % пациентов, имеющих стероидрезистентный нефротический синдром (СРНС), обнаружены мутации в структурных генах подоцитов, генах-модификаторах, также имеются данные об образовании циркулирующих антител к структуре подоцитов, влиянии факторов окружающей среды. Трудности диагностики и лечения СРНС определяются его гетерогенной этиологией, частым отсутствием ремиссии с развитием множественной лекарственной резистентности и прогрессированием заболевания с формированием терминальной стадии хронической почечной недостаточности и возврата НС после трансплантации почки. Цель работы – представить клинический случай стероидрезистентного нефротического синдрома с фокально-сегментарным гломерулосклерозом, ассоциированного с мутацией c.1280_1285delCACCCC в гене INF2, локализованном в 14 хромосоме у ребенка 15 лет. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ клинико-анамнестических данных: первичной медицинской документации (истории болезни), результатов объективного обследования с осмотром, анализом лабораторных, инструментально-диагностических и молекулярно-генетического методов исследования ребенка со стероидрезистентным нефротическим синдромом. Результаты и обсуждение. Представленный клинический случай демонстрирует развитие у ребенка СРНС с ФСГС, ассоциированного с мутацией в структурном гене подоцитов INF2, которая также выявлена у близкого родственника. Течение заболевания характеризовалось множественной лекарственной резистентностью. Заключение. При развитии ФСГС у ребенка со СРНС необходимы морфологическая верификации заболевания, проведение молекулярно-генетического исследования не только самого пациента, но и его родителей – для прогнозирования рисков трансплантации почки, возврата НС у реципиента и донора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a disease of the glomeruli that occurs in childhood with a frequency of 12–16 per 100,000. More than 85 % children with NS respond to corticosteroid therapy, approximately 10–15 % remain refractory or later become resistant to them. In 10–30 % of patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), mutations in the structural genes of podocytes, modifier genes were found, there is also evidence of the formation of circulating antibodies to the structure of podocytes, the influence of environmental factors. Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of SRNS are determined by its heterogeneous etiology, the frequent absence of remission with the development of multidrug resistance and the progression of the disease with the formation of end-stage chronic renal failure and the return of NS after kidney transplantation. The aim of the study is to present a clinical case of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with the c.1280_1285delCACCCC mutation in the INF2 gene, localized on chromosome 14 in a 15-year-old child. Materials and methods. An analysis of clinical and anamnestic data was used - primary medical documentation (medical history), the results of an objective examination with examination, analysis of laboratory, instrumental diagnostic and molecular genetic methods for studying a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Results and Discussion. The presented clinical case demonstrates the development in a child of SRNS with FSGS associated with a mutation in the structural podocyte gene INF2, which was also detected in a close relative. The course of the disease was characterized by multiple drug resistance. Conclusion. The presented clinical case of the development of FSGS in a child with SRNS demonstrates the importance of morphological verification of the disease in a child, conducting a molecular genetic study not only of the patient himself, but also of his parents to predict the risks of kidney transplantation, the return of NS in the recipient and donor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стероидрезистентный нефротический синдром</kwd><kwd>фокально-сегментарный гломерулосклероз</kwd><kwd>INF2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome</kwd><kwd>focal segmental glomerulosclerosis</kwd><kwd>INF2</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behera M. R., Kumar C. M., Biswal S. R. [et al.]. Clinico-Biochemical Profile and Identification of Independent Risk Factors of Frequent Relapse in Childhood-Onset Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome. Cureus. 2022; 14 (1) : e21765. DOI:10.7759/cureus.21765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behera M. R., Kumar C. M., Biswal S. R. [et al.]. Clinico-Biochemical Profile and Identification of Independent Risk Factors of Frequent Relapse in Childhood-Onset Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome. Cureus. 2022; 14 (1) : e21765. DOI:10.7759/cureus.21765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uwaezuoke S. N. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children: triggers of relapse and evolving hypotheses on pathogenesis. Ital J Pediatr. Vol. 2015; 41 : 19. DOI:10.1186/s13052-015-0123-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uwaezuoke S. N. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children: triggers of relapse and evolving hypotheses on pathogenesis. Ital J Pediatr. Vol. 2015; 41 : 19. DOI:10.1186/s13052-015-0123-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilmanto D., Mawardi F., Lestari A., Widiasta A. Disease-Associated Systemic Complications in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2022;15 : 53–62. DOI:10.2147/IJNRD.S351053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hilmanto D., Mawardi F., Lestari A., Widiasta A. Disease-Associated Systemic Complications in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2022;15 : 53–62. DOI:10.2147/IJNRD.S351053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rheault M. N., Gbadegesin R. A. The Genetics of Nephrotic Syndrome. J Pediatr Genet. 2016; 5 (1) : 15–24. DOI:10.1055/s-0035-1557109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rheault M. N., Gbadegesin R. A. The Genetics of Nephrotic Syndrome. J Pediatr Genet. 2016; 5 (1) : 15–24. DOI:10.1055/s-0035-1557109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J., Kronbichler A., Shin J., Oh J. Current understandings in treating children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021; 36 (4) : 747–761. DOI:10.1007/s00467-020-04476-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J., Kronbichler A., Shin J., Oh J. Current understandings in treating children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021; 36 (4) : 747–761. DOI:10.1007/s00467-020-04476-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trautmann A., Vivarelli M., Samuel S. [et al.]. IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020; 35 (8) : 1529–1561. DOI:10.1007/s00467-020-04519-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trautmann A., Vivarelli M., Samuel S. [et al.]. IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020; 35 (8) : 1529–1561. DOI:10.1007/s00467-020-04519-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheong H. I. Genetic tests in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020; 39 (1) : 7–16. DOI:10.23876/j.krcp.20.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheong H. I. Genetic tests in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020; 39 (1) : 7–16. DOI:10.23876/j.krcp.20.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trautmann A., Lipska-Ziętkiewicz B. S., Schaefer F. Exploring the Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: The PodoNet Registry. Front Pediatr. 2018 (6) : 200. DOI:10.3389/fped.2018.00200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trautmann A., Lipska-Ziętkiewicz B. S., Schaefer F. Exploring the Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: The PodoNet Registry. Front Pediatr. 2018 (6) : 200. DOI:10.3389/fped.2018.00200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu I. D., Willis N. S., Craig J. C., Hodson E. M. Interventions for idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 2019 (11) : CD003594. 2019. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu I. D., Willis N. S., Craig J. C., Hodson E. M. Interventions for idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 2019 (11) : CD003594. 2019. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bensimhon A. R., Williams A. E., Gbadegesin R. A. Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in the genomic era. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019; 34 (11) : 2279–2293. DOI:10.1007/s00467-018-4093-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bensimhon A. R., Williams A. E., Gbadegesin R. A. Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in the genomic era. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019; 34 (11) : 2279–2293. DOI:10.1007/s00467-018-4093-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Subramanian B., Chun J., Perez-Gill C. [et al.]. FSGS-Causing INF2 Mutation Impairs Cleaved INF2 N-Fragment Functions in Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 31 (2) : 374–391. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2019050443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Subramanian B., Chun J., Perez-Gill C. [et al.]. FSGS-Causing INF2 Mutation Impairs Cleaved INF2 N-Fragment Functions in Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 31 (2) : 374–391. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2019050443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaorska K., Zawierucha P., Ś􀆵wierczewska M., Ostalska-Nowicka D., Zachwieja J., Nowicki M. Prediction of steroid resistance and steroid dependence in nephrotic syndrome children. Journal of translational medicine. 2021; 19 (1) : 130. DOI:10.1186/s12967-021-02790-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaorska K., Zawierucha P., Ś􀆵wierczewska M., Ostalska-Nowicka D., Zachwieja J., Nowicki M. Prediction of steroid resistance and steroid dependence in nephrotic syndrome children. Journal of translational medicine. 2021; 19 (1) : 130. DOI:10.1186/s12967-021-02790-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schijvens A. M., Ter Heine R., de Wildt S. N., Schreuder M. F. Pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of prednisone and prednisolone in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019; 34 (3) : 389–403. DOI:10.1007/s00467-018-3929-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schijvens A. M., Ter Heine R., de Wildt S. N., Schreuder M. F. Pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of prednisone and prednisolone in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019; 34 (3) : 389–403. DOI:10.1007/s00467-018-3929-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadowski C.E., Lovric S., Ashraf S. [et al.]. A single-gene cause in 29.5 % of cases of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015; 26 (6) : 1279–1289. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2014050489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadowski C.E., Lovric S., Ashraf S. [et al.]. A single-gene cause in 29.5 % of cases of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015; 26 (6) : 1279–1289. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2014050489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sachdeva S., Khan S., Davalos C., Avanthika C., Jhaveri S., Babu A., Patterson D., Yamani A. J. Management of Steroid- Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. Cureus. 2021; 13 (11) : e19363. DOI:10.7759/cureus.19363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sachdeva S., Khan S., Davalos C., Avanthika C., Jhaveri S., Babu A., Patterson D., Yamani A. J. Management of Steroid- Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. Cureus. 2021; 13 (11) : e19363. DOI:10.7759/cureus.19363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kopp J. B., Anders H. J., Susztak K., Podesta M. A., Remuzzi G., Hildebrandt F., Romagnani P. Podocytopathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 6 (1) : 68. DOI:10.1038/s41572-020-0196-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopp J. B., Anders H. J., Susztak K., Podesta M. A., Remuzzi G., Hildebrandt F., Romagnani P. Podocytopathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 6 (1) : 68. DOI:10.1038/s41572-020-0196-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зверев Я. Ф., Рыкунова А. Я. Нарушения клубочкового фильтрационного барьера как причина протеинурии при нефротическом синдроме. Нефрология. 2019; 23 (4) : 96–111. DOI:10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-4-96-111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зверев Я. Ф., Рыкунова А. Я. Нарушения клубочкового фильтрационного барьера как причина протеинурии при нефротическом синдроме. Нефрология. 2019; 23 (4) : 96–111. DOI:10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-4-96-111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun H., Al-Romaih K. I., MacRae C. A., Pollak M. R. Human Kidney Disease-causing INF2 Mutations Perturb Rho/Dia Signaling in the Glomerulus. EBioMedicine. 2014; 1 (2–3) : 107-115. DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.11.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun H., Al-Romaih K. I., MacRae C. A., Pollak M. R. Human Kidney Disease-causing INF2 Mutations Perturb Rho/Dia Signaling in the Glomerulus. EBioMedicine. 2014; 1 (2–3) : 107-115. DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.11.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipska-Ziętkiewicz B. S. Genetic Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Overview. 2021. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573219/. PMID: 34436835.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipska-Ziętkiewicz B. S. Genetic Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Overview. 2021. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573219/. PMID: 34436835.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warejko J. K., Tan W., Daga A. [et al.]. Whole Exome Sequencing of Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018; 13 (1) : 53–62. DOI:10.2215/CJN.04120417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warejko J. K., Tan W., Daga A. [et al.]. Whole Exome Sequencing of Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018; 13 (1) : 53–62. DOI:10.2215/CJN.04120417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mason A. E., Saleem M. A., Bierzynska A. A critical re-analysis of cases of post-transplantation recurrence in genetic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021; 36 (11) : 3757–3769. DOI:10.1007/s00467-021-05134-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mason A. E., Saleem M. A., Bierzynska A. A critical re-analysis of cases of post-transplantation recurrence in genetic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021; 36 (11) : 3757–3769. DOI:10.1007/s00467-021-05134-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
