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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-5-128-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-1093</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ, ЛУЧЕВАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY, RADIATION THERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Доброкачественные опухоли молочной железы и факторы риска их развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Benign breast tumors and risk factors for their development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-997X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Васильевич Пушкарев, врач-ординатор</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksej V. Pushkarev, Resident Physician</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lesha-pushkaryov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галеев</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galeev</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Галиакбарович Галеев, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat G. Galeev, Ph.D. in medicine</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galeev57@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-2321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkarev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Александрович Пушкарев, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilij A. Pushkarev, Doctor of Science (Medicine)</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorpushkarev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-6594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турсуметов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tursumetov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давлат Сайтмуратович Турсуметов, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Davlat S. Tursumetov, Ph.D. in medicine</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ufa.davlat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-9469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаметдинов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhametdinov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat R. Mukhametdinov, Clinical resident</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muhametdinov_marat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Clinical Oncologic Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пушкарев А.В., Галеев М.Г., Пушкарев В.А., Турсуметов Д.С., Мухаметдинов М.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев А.В., Галеев М.Г., Пушкарев В.А., Турсуметов Д.С., Мухаметдинов М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pushkarev A.V., Galeev M.G., Pushkarev V.A., Tursumetov D.S., Mukhametdinov M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1093">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1093</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Доброкачественные опухоли молочных желез составляют группу гетерогенных заболеваний, имеющих сложную клиническую и морфологическую структуру, затрудняющую своевременную диагностику и терминологическое обозначение патологических процессов, и представляют большой интерес ввиду их возможного фона для возникновения онкологической патологии. Наиболее распространенным заболеванием является мастопатия, ее встречаемость в популяции достигает 40 %. Частота мастопатий увеличивается к возрасту 45 лет, затем имеет тенденцию к снижению в пре- и постменопаузальном периодах. Цель обзора – оценка и анализ литературных данных по представленной проблеме за последние годы. Материалы и методы. В статью включены публикации отечественных и зарубежных авторов о доброкачественных новообразованиях молочной железы и факторах риска развития данной патологии за последние 20 лет. Поиск литературы производился в системах Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, eLibrary. Результаты и обсуждение. Этиопатогенетические факторы у пациенток с доброкчественными опухолями молочных желез играют первостепенную роль, обосновывая необходимость прогнозирования и профилактики заболевания. К факторам риска развития этих заболеваний относятся наследственный, гормональный, психоневрологический, данные репродуктивного здоровья, возраст, лактация, воспаление, травма, курение и другие. Заключение. В настоящее время отмечается динамика к увеличению заболеваемости доброкачественными опухолями молочных желез, но не определены какие-либо специфические факторы риска возникновения болезней данной группы, так как они являются многофакторными, связанными как с генетическими причинами, данными соматического здоровья, так и с влиянием окружающей среды. Не все женщины в равной мере подвержены риску развития болезней молочных желез, определены причины, характеризующие индивидуальную склонность к данной патологии. Факторы риска не обусловливают развитие заболевания, а значительно увеличивают возможность его возникновения. Изучение предрасполагающих факторов риска развития опухолевых процессов в молочных железах с целью их ранней диагностики дает возможность улучшить результаты и прогнозы лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Benign mammary gland tumors constitute a group of heterogeneous diseases with a complex clinical and morphological structure that complicates timely diagnosis and terminological designation of pathological processes. They are of great interest because of their possible background for oncologic pathology. The most widespread disease is mastopathy, its occurrence rate in the population reaches 40%. The incidence of mastopathies increases by the age of 45 years, and then tends to decrease in the pre- and postmenopausal periods. The purpose of the review was to evaluate and analyze the literature data on the presented problem in recent years. Materials and methods. Publications of domestic and foreign authors on benign breast neoplasms and risk factors of this pathology over the past 20 years have been included in the article. Literature search was performed in the systems Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Elibrary. Results and discussion. Etiopathogenetic factors in patients with benign mammary gland tumors play a paramount role, substantiating the necessity of prognostication and prevention of the disease. Risk factors for these diseases include hereditary, hormonal, neuropsychological, reproductive data, age, lactation, inflammation, trauma, smoking, and others. Conclusion. The current dynamic of increasing the incidence of benign mammary tumors has been noted, but no specific risk factors for this group of diseases have been identified, as they are multifactorial, associated with genetic causes, somatic health data, and environmental influences. Not all women are equally at risk of developing breast diseases, the reasons characterizing the individual propensity for this pathology have been identified. The risk factors do not cause the development of the disease, but considerably increase its probability. The study of predisposing risk factors for the development of tumor processes in the mammary glands in order to diagnose them early gives an opportunity to improve the results and prognosis of treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доброкачественные опухоли</kwd><kwd>молочная железа</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>benign tumors</kwd><kwd>breast</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родионов В.В. Сметник А.А. Доброкачественные заболевания молочных желез. 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