urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-2-142-152urmj-1237Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsХронический эндометрит – затянувшаяся дискуссияChronic endometritis: A protracted discussionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-6220ТолибоваГ. Х.TolibovaG. Kh.

Гулрухсор Хайбуллоевна Толибова – доктор медицинских наук, доцент

Санкт-Петербург

Gulruhsor Kh. Tolibova – Doctor of Science (Medicine), Associate Professor

Saint Petersburg

gulyatolibova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-4811ТральТ. Г.TralT. G.

Татьяна Георгиевна Траль – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент

Санкт-Петербург

Tat’jana G. Tral – PhD in medicine, Associate Professor

Saint Petersburg

ttg.tral@yandex.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. МечниковаРоссияOtt Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; Mechnikov North-Western State Medical UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияOtt Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian Federation202330042023222142152Copyright © Толибова Г.Х., Траль Т.Г., 20232023Толибова Г.Х., Траль Т.Г.Tolibova G.K., Tral T.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1237Введение

Введение. Хронический эндометрит (ХЭ) является одним из важнейших факторов, приводящих к снижению фертильности у женщин. Затянувшаяся дискуссия о наличии данной нозологии в клинической практике на протяжении более 100 лет не позволяет установить истинную частоту ХЭ у женщин репродуктивного возраста. На современном этапе в связи с неблагоприятной демографической ситуацией, как в РФ, так и во многих странах, изучение ХЭ, как одной из главных детерминант нарушения морфофункционального состояния эндометрия является актуальным.

Цель исследования – определение современного состояния проблемы верификации ХЭ при бесплодии, репродуктивных потерях и неэффективных циклах вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ).

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Источниками информации послужили публикации из баз данных PubMed, Google Scholar, elibrary.ru и в российских профильных журналах, относящихся к акушерству и гинекологии, а также патологической анатомии в период с 2013 по 2022 г.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ литературы показал, что ХЭ является причиной бесплодия, невынашивания беременности и неэффективных протоколов ВРТ и приводит к патологии регенеративного потенциала и снижению эндометриального резерва. Несмотря на доказанность негативного влияния ХЭ на репродуктивную функцию женщины, на современном этапе дискуссия относительно диагностических подходов к данной нозологии продолжается. Использование гистологического метода исследования, как основного и общедоступного метода диагностики состояния эндометрия не всегда позволяет верифицировать ХЭ, что диктует необходимость и целесообразность применения высокотехнологичных методов для подтверждения и уточнения степени выраженности патологического процесса.

Заключение

Заключение. Единый алгоритм диагностики ХЭ у пациенток с бесплодием, невынашиванием беременности, неэффективных циклов вспомогательных репродуктивных технологии и квалифицированный подход к морфологической диагностике состояния эндометрия, стандартизация диагностики ХЭ, грамотная интерпретация данных иммуногистохимического исследования позволяют подобрать патогенетически обоснованную терапию, нацеленную на реабилитацию репродуктивной функции.

Introduction Chronic endometritis is one of the most important factors leading to reduced fertility in women. The protracted discussion about the presence of this nosology in clinical practice for more than 100 years does not allow to establish the true frequency of chronic endometritis in women of reproductive age. At the present stage, due to the unfavorable demographic situation both in the Russian Federation and in many countries, the study of chronic endometritis, as one of the main determinants of the lesions of the morphological and functional state of the endometrium, is relevant.

The purpose of the study is to determine the current state of the problem of verification of chronic endometritis in women with infertility, reproductive losses and repeated failure of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Materials and methods The sources of information were publications from the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, elibrary.ru and Russian medical journals in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, as well as pathological anatomy in the period from 2013 to 2022.

Results and discussion An analysis of the literature showed that chronic endometritis is the cause of infertility, miscarriage and ineffective ART protocols and leads to decrease of the regenerative potential and endometrial reserve. Despite the evidence of the negative impact of chronic endometritis on the reproductive function, at the present stage, the discussion regarding diagnostic approaches to this nosology continues. The use of the histological method of research, as the main and available method for diagnosing the state of the endometrium, is not always allow to verify chronic endometritis, which dictates the need of using high technological methods to confirm and clarify the severity of the pathological process.

Conclusion A unified algorithm for diagnosing chronic endometritis in patients with infertility, miscarriage, ineffective ART cycles and a qualified approach to the morphological diagnosis of the state of the endometrium, standardization of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis, and competent interpretation of immunohistochemical data make it possible to select a pathogenetically substantiated therapy aimed at the rehabilitation of reproductive function.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.