Введение

urmj

Уральский медицинский журнал

Ural Medical Journal

2949-4389

Ural State Medical University

10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-3-108-117

urmj-1270

Research Article

Литературные обзоры | Literature reviews

Literature reviews

Гиперкинетическое расстройство и синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности у взрослых

Hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficiency and hyperactivity syndrome in adults

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-4388

Городничева

А. В.

Gorodnicheva

A. V.

Анна Вадимовна Городничева – студент

Екатеринбург

Anna V. Gorodnicheva – Student

Ekaterinburg

agorodnicheva99@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-7321

Пономарев

И. А.

Ponomarev

I. A.

Илья Александрович Пономарев – студент

Екатеринбург

Ilya A.Ponomarev – Student

Ekaterinburg

ponomarev.i.25@icloud.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-3992

Сиденкова

А. П.

Sidenkova

A. P.

Алена Петровна Сиденкова – доктор медицинских наук, доцент

Екатеринбург

Alena P.Sidenkova – Doctor of Science (Medicine), Associated Professor

Ekaterinburg

sidenkovs@mail.ru

Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2023

30062023

223108117

2023

Городничева А.В., Пономарев И.А., Сиденкова А.П.

Gorodnicheva A.V., Ponomarev I.A., Sidenkova A.P.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1270

Введение

Введение. Гиперкинетическое расстройство (ГР) и синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности (СДВГ) традиционно рассматриваются как патология детского возраста, однако частота выявления его среди взрослого населения высока. ГР и СДВГ оказывает значительное влияние на профессиональную, учебную деятельность и социально-бытовые отношения.

Цель работы – систематизация современных данных в области исследований гиперкинетического расстройства и синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью у взрослых.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В электронно-поисковой системе PubMed произведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций метаанализов с 2017 по 2022 гг. по полному совпадению ключевых слов. Критерием невключения публикации в настоящий обзор явилось исследование, проведенное на выборке лиц младше 18 лет. Всего было проверено 154 уникальных ссылки, из них в обзор включены 70 статей.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. СДВГ является полиэтиологическим заболеванием. Симптомы СДВГ могут быть ассоциированы с другими патологическими состояниями, что может влиять на патогенетическую и клиническую картину. Ряд авторов рассматривает симптомы СДВГ с точки зрения адаптации к современным условиям информационной среды. Указываются положительные аспекты СДВГ: способность к творческой деятельности, умение находить нестандартные, оригинальные решения, повышенная способность к эмпатии. В ряде современных работ у лиц с СДВГ отмечена повышенная способность к состоянию «гиперфокусировки» на актуальной для индивида деятельности, хотя не все исследователи придерживаются этого мнения.

Заключение

Заключение. Клинической сущностью СДВГ является его дизонтогенетический характер. Спектр этиологических факторов, как внешних, так и внутренних, которые могут привести к развитию симптомов СДВГ, достаточно широк, а вероятность наличия коморбидных состояний крайне высока. Не все классификации и критерии диагностики, направленные на выявление симптомов СДВГ у лиц младше 18 лет, могут быть применены в отношении взрослых пациентов, что смещает эпидемиологические показатели в сторону уменьшения расстройства во взрослой популяции.

Introduction

Introduction. Hyperkinetic disorder (HR) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are traditionally regarded as a pathology of childhood, but the frequency of its detection among the adult population is high. GR and ADHD has a significant impact on professional, educational activities and social and domestic relationships.

The purpose of the work was to systematize the current data in the field of research on hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.

Materials and methods Full-text publications of metaanalyses from 2017 to 2022 were searched in the PubMed electronic search engine for full-text keyword matches. The criterion for not including a publication in this review was a study conducted on a sample of individuals under 18 years of age. A total of 154 unique references were checked, of which 70 articles were included in the review.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. ADHD is a polyethiological disorder. ADHD symptoms can be associated with other pathological conditions, which can influence the pathogenetic and clinical picture. A number of authors consider ADHD symptoms in terms of adaptation to the modern information environment. Positive aspects of ADHD are pointed out: the ability to be creative, the ability to find non-standard, original solutions, an increased capacity for empathy. In a number of modern works, persons with ADHD have an increased ability to “hyperfocus” on activities relevant to the individual, although not all researchers adhere to this opinion.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The clinical essence of ADHD is its dysontogenetic nature. The range of etiological factors, both external and internal, that can lead to the development of ADHD symptoms is quite wide, and the likelihood of comorbid conditions is extremely high. Not all of the classifications and diagnostic criteria aimed at identifying ADHD symptoms in individuals under 18 years of age can be applied to adult patients, which shifts the epidemiological indicators toward a reduction of the disorder in the adult population.

гиперактивностьдефицит вниманияСДВГ у взрослых

hyperactivityattention deficit disorderADHD in adults

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.