Введение

urmj

Уральский медицинский журнал

Ural Medical Journal

2949-4389

Ural State Medical University

10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-5-115-122

urmj-1336

Research Article

Литературные обзоры | Literature reviews

Literature reviews

Механизмы закрытия центральных и периферических разрывов сетчатки при использовании PRP плазмы

Mechanisms of closure of central and peripheral retinal tears using PRP plasma

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3504-8886

Шамкин

С. С.

Shamkin

S. S.

Сергей Сергеевич Шамкин, врач офтальмолог

Екатеринбург

Sergey S. Shamkin, Ophthalmologist

Ekaterinburg

SergeyShamkin87@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-6502

Субботина

С. Н.

Subbotina

S. N.

Серафима Николаевна Субботина, врач офтальмолог

Екатеринбург

Serafima N. Subbotina, Ophthalmologist

Ekaterinburg

Степанянц

А. Б.

Stepanyants

A. B.

Армен Беникович Степанянц, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии

Екатеринбург

Armen B. Stepanyants, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology

Ekaterinburg

Stepanyants@okb1.ru

Центральная городская клиническая больница № 23РоссияCentral City Clinical Hospital No. 23Russian Federation

Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2023

27102023

225115122

2023

Шамкин С.С., Субботина С.Н., Степанянц А.Б.

Shamkin S.S., Subbotina S.N., Stepanyants A.B.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1336

Введение

Введение. Последнее десятилетие в разных областях медицины проводятся исследования по использованию обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы. В офтальмологии препараты аутологичной плазмы крови широко применяются при патологиях сетчатки, таких как макулярный разрыв, отслойка сетчатки, а также при воспалительных и дегенеративных заболеваниях роговицы.

Цель работы – на основании современных данных о патогенетических механизмах работы обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы доказать ее эффективность и безопасность в хирургии сетчатки, а также обосновать возможность применения при травмах глаза.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск научной литературы и публикаций в базах данных и электронных библиотеках PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary по поисковым словам и словосочетаниям: обогащенная тромбоцитами плазма, факторы роста тромбоцитов, макулярный разрыв, отслойка сетчатки, витрэктомия; platelet-rich plasma, platelet growth factors, macular rupture, retinal detachment, vitrectomy.

Результаты и обсуждения

Результаты и обсуждения. Механизмы действия PRP плазмы в хирургии сетчатки обусловлены большой концентрацией тромбоцитов. Участвуя в гемостазе, эти форменные элементы крови запускают каскад реакций, приводящих к формированию фибриновой сетки, которая, сокращаясь, подтягивает края разрывов сетчатки друг к другу. Кроме того, богатый состав альфа гранул тромбоцитов после дегрануляции обеспечивает ткани пулом факторов роста, которые стимулируют и ускоряют регенерацию тканей. Наиболее изученные из них: PDGF, VEGF, TGF, IGF1, PF4, EGF, bFGF.

Заключение

Заключение. Препараты обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы и их отдельные компоненты перспективны в лечении заболеваний сетчатки и безопасны, поскольку являются аутологичными. Проведенные исследования доказывают их эффективность в лечении разрывов сетчатки, что может быть использовано для закрытия дефектов травматической этиологии.

Introduction Research into the use of platelet-enriched plasma has been conducted in various fields of medicine over the last decade. In ophthalmology, autologous blood plasma products are widely used for retinal pathologies such as macular rupture, retinal detachment, and inflammatory and degenerative corneal diseases.

The aim of the work was to prove on the basis of current data on the pathogenetic mechanisms of platelet-enriched plasma its effectiveness and safety in retinal surgery and to substantiate the possibility of its use in eye injuries.

Materials and methods A search of scientific literature and publications in PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary databases and electronic libraries was performed using the search words and phrases: platelet-rich plasma, platelet growth factors, macular rupture, retinal detachment, vitrectomy.

Results and discussion The mechanisms of action of PRP plasma in retinal surgery are due to the high concentration of platelets. By participating in hemostasis, these blood cells trigger a cascade of reactions leading to the formation of a fibrin mesh, which, by contracting, pulls the edges of retinal tears together. In addition, the rich composition of platelet alpha granules after degranulation provides the tissue with a pool of growth factors that stimulate and accelerate tissue regeneration. The most studied of these are: PDGF, VEGF, TGF, IGF1, PF4, EGF, bFGF.

Conclusion Platelet-enriched plasma preparations and their individual components are promising in the treatment of retinal diseases and are safe because they are autologous. Studies prove their efficacy in the treatment of retinal tears, which can be used to close defects of traumatic etiology.

обогащенная тромбоцитами плазмафакторы роста тромбоцитовмакулярный разрывотслойка сетчаткивитрэктомия

platelet-rich plasmaplatelet growth factorsmacular ruptureretinal detachmentvitrectomy

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.