urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-5-140-149urmj-1339Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsЖелезодефицитная анемия у беременныхIron deficiency anemia in pregnant womenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6995-4863БелоцерковцеваЛ. Д.BelotserkovtsevaL. D.

Лариса Дмитриевна Белоцерковцева, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии

Сургут

Larisa D. Belotserkovtseva, Doctor of Science (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Surgut

info@surgut-kpc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-7129КоваленкоЛ. В.KovalenkoL. V.

Людмила Васильевна Коваленко, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патофизиологии и общей патологии, профессор кафедры патофизиологии и общей патологии, директор Медицинского института

Сургут

Ludmila V. Kovalenko, Doctor of Science (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathophysiology and General Pathology, Director of the Medical Institute

Surgut

kovalenko_lv@surgu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2204-0621ЗининВ. Н.ZininV. N.

Вадим Николаевич Зинин, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением гравитационной хирургии крови

Сургут

Vadim N. Zinin, PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Gravitational Blood Surgery

Surgut

zininvn70@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-1820ИванниковС. Е.IvannikovS. E.

Сергей Евгеньевич Иванников, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии

Сургут

Sergey E. Ivannikov, PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Surgut

ivannikov_se@surgu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-4290КельдасоваМ. Р.KeldasovaM. R.

Манетли Рысмухамедовна Кельдасова, аспирант кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии

Сургут

Manetli R. Keldasova,

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Surgut

keldasova.manetli@gmail.comСургутский окружной клинический центр охраны материнства и детства; Сургутский государственный университетРоссияSurgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health; Surgut State UniversityRussian FederationСургутский государственный университетРоссияSurgut State UniversityRussian FederationСургутский окружной клинический центр охраны материнства и детстваРоссияSurgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child HealthRussian Federation202327102023225140149Copyright © Белоцерковцева Л.Д., Коваленко Л.В., Зинин В.Н., Иванников С.Е., Кельдасова М.Р., 20232023Белоцерковцева Л.Д., Коваленко Л.В., Зинин В.Н., Иванников С.Е., Кельдасова М.Р.Belotserkovtseva L.D., Kovalenko L.V., Zinin V.N., Ivannikov S.E., Keldasova M.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1339Введение

Введение. Проблема железодефицитной анемии (ЖДА), особенно у беременных, продолжает оставаться актуальной. Несмотря на достижения в разработке методов диагностики и лечения, число беременных с ЖДА продолжает расти. Так, по данным ВОЗ за 2020 г. распространенность анемии среди женщин репродуктивного возраста варьировала от 9,1 % в Австралии до 69,6 % в Йемене.

Цель работы − определение современного состояния проблемы ЖДА у беременных на основе анализа литературы.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Отобраны оригинальные статьи, рандомизированные клинические исследования и мета-анализы. Подбор источников осуществлен в базах данных Scopus, PubMed по поисковым словам: iron, oral, intravenous iron, intravenous iron therapy, pregnancy, anemia, treatment, randomized control trial, anemia in pregnancy, treatment of anemia in pregnancy, intravenous iron in pregnancy; и на платформе eLibrary по поисковым словам: железо, пероральный прием, внутривенное железо, внутривенная терапия железом, беременность, анемия, лечение, рандомизированное контрольное исследование, анемия во время беременности, лечение анемии во время беременности, внутривенное введение железа во время беременности, осложнения ЖДА для матери и плода. Глубина поиска – 5 лет.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Имеются разные точки зрения на классификацию и диагностику ЖДА в руководствах профессиональных организаций. По мнению большинства руководств наиболее достоверными для верификации и предикции ЖДА являются определение уровня гемоглобина и ферритина. Несмотря на то, что в настоящее время изучены особенности патогенеза и подходы к лечению ЖДА, ее распространенность среди женщин остается очень высокой. Причины этого кроются в недостаточной диагностике и неполноценной терапии с точки зрения ее продолжительности и выбора препарата. Методы диагностики и лечения ЖДА в настоящее время активно изучаются и совершенствуются в ожидании получения наибольших преимуществ.

Заключение

Заключение. Осложнениями ЖДА в третьем триместре для новорожденных являются развитие анемии, нарушение развития нервной системы и когнитивные расстройства, что требует активной профилактики во втором триместре с использованием, в том числе, и парентеральных препаратов железа.

Introduction The problem of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), especially in pregnant women, continues to be relevant. Despite the achieved methods of diagnosis and treatment, the number of pregnant women with IDA continues to grow. Thus, according to WHO 2020 data, the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age ranged from 9.1 % in Australia to 69.6 % in Yemen.

The aim of the work was to determination of the current state of the problem of IDA in pregnant women.

Materials and methods Original articles, randomized clinical trials, and meta-analyses were reviewed in the Scopus database, PubMed and the eLibrary platform, using the key words “iron”, “oral”, “intravenous iron”, “intravenous iron therapy”, “pregnancy”, “anemia”, “treatment”, “randomized control trial”, “anemia in pregnancy”, “treatment of anemia in pregnancy”, “intravenous iron in pregnancy”, “IDA complications for mother and fetus”. The depth of the search was 5 years.

Results and discussion There are different views on the classification and diagnosis of IDA in the guidelines of professional organizations. According to most guidelines hemoglobin and ferritin levels are the most reliable tests for the verification and prediction of IDA. Despite the fact that the peculiarities of the pathogenesis and approaches to the treatment of IDA have been studied, its prevalence among women remains very high. The reasons for this lie in inadequate diagnosis and incomplete therapy in terms of its duration and drugs selection. The methods of diagnosis and treatment of IDA are currently being actively studied and improved in anticipation of obtaining the greatest benefits.

Conclusion Complications of IDA in the third trimester for newborns are the development of anemia, impaired development of the nervous system and cognitive disorders, which requires active prevention in the second trimester using, among other things, parenteral iron preparations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.