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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-6-113-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-1374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фебрильные судороги в педиатрической практике: факторы риска, клинические проявления, интенсивная терапия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Febrile seizures in pediatric practice: Risk factors, clinical manifestations, and intensive therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-3823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Витальевич Быков, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Bykov, PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yubykov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обедин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obedin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Обедин, доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Obedin, Doctor of Science (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volander@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-6930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фишер</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Владимирович Фишер, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily V. Fischer, PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvfisher26@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-6930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Владимирович Волков, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Volkov, PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkov26@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-8581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцук</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Викторович Яцук, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Yatsuk, PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yatsukiv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Быков Ю.В., Обедин А.Н., Фишер В.В., Волков Е.В., Яцук И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Быков Ю.В., Обедин А.Н., Фишер В.В., Волков Е.В., Яцук И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bykov Y.V., Obedin A.N., Fischer V.V., Volkov E.V., Yatsuk I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1374">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1374</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Фебрильные судороги (ФС) – наиболее частая причина судорожных состояний у детей младшего возраста. Изучение методов интенсивной терапии (ИТ) при ФС является актуальным направлением современной педиатрии.</p><p>   Цель работы – определение современного состояния проблемы факторов риска, клинических проявлений и неотложной помощи ФС в педиатрической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Авторами проведен поиск и анализ работ, с использованием баз данных Cochrane Library, PubMed, eLibrary.ru, Medscape, по поисковым словам: фебрильные судороги, дети и подростки, интенсивная терапия, антиконвульсанты (febrile seizures, children and adolescents, intensive care, anticonvulsants). Для обзора проанализировано 64 источника.</p><p>   Результаты и обсуждение. Факторы риска при ФС могут быть многочисленны, среди основных этиологических причин у детей рассматривают генетическую предрасположенность, вирусные инфекции и вакцинацию. Клинические проявления ФС характеризуются развитием генерализованного тонико-клонического припадка на фоне повышения температуры. Выделяют три основные клинические формы ФС: простые, сложные и фебрильный эпилептический статус (ФЭС). Сбор анамнеза и физикальный осмотр являются основными диагностическими тестами, позволяющими выявить форму ФС и найти источник инфекции. Лабораторные исследования (общий анализ крови и мочи, биохимия крови), электроэнцефалография, нейровизуализационные методы и люмбальная пункция, применяются ограничено, в основном у детей со сложными ФС, при подозрении на инфекционное поражение головного мозга. ИТ в условиях стационара необходима детям с длительными фебрильными судорогами или ФЭС. Препаратами выбора для купирования ФС являются бензодиазепины. Терапевтической эффективностью также обладают производные барбитуровой кислоты и вальпроевая кислота. Антипиретики не влияют на выраженность ФС, не предотвращают рецидивы, а лишь купируют лихорадку. К основным жаропонижающим препаратам, применимым в педиатрической практике при ФС, относят: парацетамол, ибупрофен, нимесулид. ИТ при ФЭС, помимо назначения бензодиазепинов, проводится при помощи внутривенного фосфенитоина, фенобарбитала или леветирацетама.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Оптимизация качества оказания ИТ в педиатрической практике может улучшить терапевтический прогноз при ФС, снизить процент осложнений и летальности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Febrile seizures (FS) is the most common type of epileptic seizure experienced by young children. Study of methods of intensive treatment (IT) of FS represents a vital area of research in today’s pediatric science.</p></sec><sec><title>   The aim of this work</title><p>   The aim of this work: to assess the current approaches to risk factors, clinical manifestations and emergency care for patients with FS in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. The authors performed an analysis of publications that were found in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, eLibrary.ru, and Medscape databases using the following search terms: febrile seizures, children and adolescents, intensive treatment, anticonvulsants. A total of 64 published sources were chosen for review.</p><p>   Results and Discussion. The risk factors for FS may be numerous, with the main etiological causes in children being genetic susceptibility, viral infections and vaccination. The clinical presentation of FS is characterized by the development of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in the setting of a high body temperature (≥39°C). FS are subdivided into three main clinical types: simple, complex and febrile status epilepticus (FSE). History taking and physical examination represent the main diagnostic means for determining the type of FS and discovering the cause of infection. Laboratory tests, electroencephalography, neuroimaging studies and lumbar puncture are used on a limited basis, mainly in children with complicated FS accompanied by a brain infection. Hospitalization for IT is necessary if the child has prolonged febrile seizures or FSE. The drugs of choice for relieving FS are benzodiazepines. Barbituric acid derivatives and valproic acid also possess therapeutic efficacy against FS. Antipyretic agents are effective only in relieving the toxic syndrome, but have no effect on the severity of FS and do not prevent relapses. The main antipyretic medications used for treatment of FS in pediatric practice are paracetamol, ibuprofen and nimesulide. Besides benzodiazepines, IT of FSE involves the use of intravenous fosphenytoin, phenobarbital or levetiracetam.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Improvement of the quality of IT in pediatric practice may improve the therapeutic prognosis in patients with FS and bring down complication and mortality rates.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фебрильные судороги</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd><kwd>антиконвульсанты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>febrile seizures</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd><kwd>intensive care</kwd><kwd>anticonvulsants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was not supported by any external sources of funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eilbert W, Chan C. 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