urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/2071-5943-2024-23-1-129-140UYNIBVurmj-1433Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsФакторы, ассоциированные с тяжелым течением новой коронавирусной инфекцииPrognostic Factors Associated with the Severe Course of a New Coronavirus Infectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-6531ХамановаЮ. Б.KhamanovaYu. B.

Юлия Борисовна Хаманова — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии,  врач-иммунолог 

Екатеринбург

Yulia B. Khamanova — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Assistant Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Phthisiology 

Ekaterinburg

yngi@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-6263ФрайфельдТ. А.FrayfeldТ. A.

Татьяна Александровна Фрайфельд — ординатор кафедры инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии 

Екатеринбург

Тatiana A. Frayfeld — Resident of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Phthisiology 

Ekaterinburg

tania.frayfeld@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-2942МуллагалиеваК. Р.MullagalievaK. R.

Ксения Рузальевна Муллагалиева — ординатор кафедры инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии 

Екатеринбург

Ksenia R. Mullagalieva — Resident of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Phthisiology, Ural State Medical University 

Ekaterinburg

xen2808@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-4654МоскалёваЮ. Н.MoskalevaYu. N.

Юлия Николаевна Москалёва — заведующий приемным отделением инфекционной службы 

Екатеринбург

Yulia N. Moskaleva — Head of the Reception Department of the Infectious Diseases Service 

Ekaterinburg

juliya-m@bk.ruКузнецовП. Л.KuznetsovP. L.

Павел Леонидович Кузнецов — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии, заведующий инфекционным отделением № 2 

Екатеринбург

Pavel L. Kuznetsov — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Phthisiology, Head of the Infectious Diseases Department No. 2

Ekaterinburg

kafdrdi@gmail.comУральский государственный медицинский университет ; Городская клиническая больница № 40РоссияUral State Medical University ; Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 40Russian FederationУральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian FederationГородская клиническая больница № 40РоссияMunicipal Clinical Hospital No. 40Russian Federation202407032024231129140Copyright © Хаманова Ю.Б., Фрайфельд Т.А., Муллагалиева К.Р., Москалёва Ю.Н., Кузнецов П.Л., 20242024Хаманова Ю.Б., Фрайфельд Т.А., Муллагалиева К.Р., Москалёва Ю.Н., Кузнецов П.Л.Khamanova Y.B., Frayfeld Т.A., Mullagalieva K.R., Moskaleva Y.N., Kuznetsov P.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1433Введение

Введение. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (англ. Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) — инфекционное заболевание, вызываемое новым коронавирусом тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2 (англ. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). Характеризуется гетерогенным течением заболевания от носительства и легких форм до тяжелых с летальным исходом. В большинстве случаев тяжелое течение коронавирусной инфекции связано с особенностями регуляции иммунного ответа у пациента, наличием фоновой патологии.

Цель исследования — систематизировать текущие данные о факторах риска тяжелого течения новой коронавирусной инфекции.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск научных статей, посвященных коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, в наукометрических базах данных PubMed, National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI), Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE (2019–2022) и Российском индексе научного цитирования (РИНЦ) (2019–2022).

Результаты

Результаты. Согласно литературным данным, к факторам риска тяжелого течения новой коронавирусной инфекции относят: пожилой возраст, наличие фоновой патологии, дислипидемию, нарушения в системе гемостаза и цитокинов, повышения ряда сывороточных маркеров.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. В большинстве исследований ученые отмечают, что неуправляемое течение заболевания COVID-19 связано с дисрегуляцией иммунного ответа. Одним из основных методов влияния на иммунитет является вакцинопрофилактика.

Заключение

Заключение. Исследователями определен перечень маркеров, способствующих развитию тяжелых форм новой коронавирусной инфекции. Несмотря на то, что в настоящее время наблюдается снижение заболеваемости, следует знать, что благодаря всеобщей вакцинации против новой коронавирусной инфекции частота тяжелых форм заболевания и летальных исходов значительно снизилась.

Introduction

Introduction. Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It is characterized by a heterogeneous course of the disease from asymptomatic and mild forms to more severe and fatal outcomes. There are many risk factors for a severe course of a new coronavirus infection, in most cases, a severe course of the disease is associated with the individual characteristics of the patient, especially with dysregulation of the immune response. In this article, we reviewed the main prognostic factors for the severity of the disease.

The aim of the study is to determine the unfavorable prognostic factors associated with the severe course of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in foreign and domestic literature sources.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, scientific publications on the new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus were analyzed in the scientometric databases PubMed, National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI), Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE (2019–2022), and Russian specialized journals on infectious diseases (2019–2022). Particular attention was paid to factors influencing the severe course of a new coronavirus infection.

Results

Results. Risk factors for a severe course of a new coronavirus infection include: lipid spectrum, advanced age, hemostasis system, changes in the leukocyte count, serum markers. Mathematical models of the course of a new coronavirus infection have also been developed.

Discussion

Discussion. In most studies, scientists note that the uncontrolled course of COVID-19 disease is associated with a dysregulated immune response. One of the main methods of influencing the immune system is vaccination.

Conclusion

Conclusion. There are many factors that contribute to the development of severe forms of the disease of a new coronavirus infection. However, thanks to universal vaccination against a new coronavirus infection, the frequency of severe forms of the disease and deaths has significantly decreased. Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.