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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2024-23-1-141-150</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WPMNVC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-1434</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Литературные обзоры | Literature reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Местная анестезия при проведении операций на шейке матки, влагалище и вульве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Local Anesthesia During Operations on the Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-3955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Росюк</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rosyuk</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Росюк — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом медицинской генетики </p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Rosyuk — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Medical Genetics Course</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenakdc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Росюк Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Росюк Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rosyuk E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1434">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1434</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Операции под общим обезболиванием несут в себе риски для здоровья пациента, требуют соответствующего оснащения операционной, дополнительных кадров в бригаде. Это послужило толчком для активного распространения технологий местного обезболивания в акушерско-гинекологическом сообществе.</p><p>Цель исследования — определить современное состояние вопроса применения местной анестезии в гинекологии при проведении операций на шейке матки, влагалище и вульве в амбулаторных условиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для подготовки работы использовались публикации, представленные в свободном доступе, из баз данных еLibrary.Ru, PubMed, российских и зарубежных профильных журналов по акушерству и гинекологии, анестезиологии, учебные пособия; преимущественный период публикации –2016–2023 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В XIX в. ученые активно работали над вопросом поиска эффективного анестетика и способа обезболивания. В XX в. исследования продолжались в направлении выявления наиболее безопасного препарата для анестезии. В XXI в. акушер-гинеколог имеет огромный арсенал техник обезболивания, при которых достаточно только выбрать те методики, которые эффективно, безопасно и финансово доступно можно применять в своем медицинском учреждении. Литературный обзор показывает высокую эффективность инфильтрационной анестезии при проведении биопсии шейки матки, эксцизии и конизации, а также снижение числа осложнений, связанных с наркозом. При этом для биопсии шейки матки небольшого объема можно применять аппликационную анестезию (10 %-й аэрозоль лидокаина), а вот для конизации с выскабливанием цервикального канала (возможно, даже с аспирационной биопсией) можно применять регионарную анестезию (парацервикальную блокаду), техника которой подробно описана в литературе. Местная анестезия влагалища может проводиться с применением как инфильтративной, так и аппликационной анестезии. Локальная анестезия вульвы отличается широким использованием, эффективностью и безопасностью среди аппликационных методов обезболивания не только при диагностике, но и лечении.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на большое разнообразие техник местной анестезии, а также на исключение неблагоприятных событий, связанных с проведением наркоза, любой акушер-гинеколог должен понимать, что локальное обезболивание также может приводить к различным осложнениям, и быть готовым к их устранению.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Operations under general anesthesia carry risks to the patient’s health, require appropriate equipment of the operating room, additional personnel in the team. This was the impetus for the active dissemination of local anesthesia technologies in the obstetric and gynecological community. The purpose of the study is to determine the current state of the issue of the use of local anesthesia in gynecology in outpatient settings during operations on the cervix, vagina and vulva.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Publications freely available from databases were used to prepare the work еLibrary.Ru, PubMed, in Russian and foreign specialized journals on obstetrics and gynecology, anesthesiology, textbooks, the predominant period of publication 2016–2023.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In the XIX century, scientists actively worked on the issue of finding an effective anesthetic and a method of anesthesia, the XX century shows that research continued in the direction of identifying the safest drug for anesthesia. In the XXI century, an obstetrician-gynecologist has a huge arsenal of anesthesia techniques, in which it is enough only to choose those techniques that can be used effectively, safely and financially affordable in his medical institution. The literature review shows the high efficiency of infiltration anesthesia during cervical biopsy, excision and conization, as well as a reduction in the number of complications associated with anesthesia. At the same time, for a small volume cervical biopsy, application anesthesia (10% lidocaine aerosol) can be used, but for conization with curettage of the cervical canal (and maybe even with aspiration biopsy), regional anesthesia (paracervical blockade) can be used — the technique of which is described in detail. Local anesthesia of the vagina can be performed using both infiltrative and application anesthesia. Local anesthesia of the vulva is replete with information about the widespread use, effectiveness and safety of application methods of anesthesia, not only in diagnosis, but also for the purpose of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Despite the wide variety of techniques of local anesthesia, as well as the exclusion of adverse events associated with anesthesia, any obstetrician-gynecologist should understand that local anesthesia can also lead to various complications, and be ready to eliminate them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>местная анестезия</kwd><kwd>операции на шейке матки</kwd><kwd>обезболивание в гинекологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>local anesthesia</kwd><kwd>cervical surgery</kwd><kwd>anesthesia in gynecology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidorenko IA, Palchik EA, Vinogradov AI. Topical issues of anaesthesia in outpatient gynaecology. Eurasian Union of Scientists. 2015;(7–3):34–35. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/wwmikp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorenko IA, Palchik EA, Vinogradov AI. 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