urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.23.3.26FBTKTOurmj-1532Research ArticleОригинальные статьи | Original articlesOriginal articlesЭтиологическая структура энтеровирусного менингита в Екатеринбурге до и после пандемии COVID‑19Etiology of Enteroviral Meningitis in Ekaterinburg Before and the After Pandemic of COVID‑19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-3059СтариковаП. К.StarikovaP. K.

Полина Константиновна Старикова — врач-эпидемиолог лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций, Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»; аспирант кафедры медицинской микробиологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики, Уральский государственный медицинский университет

Екатеринбург

Polina K. Starikova — Epidemiologist of the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome”; Postgraduate Student of the Department of Microbiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ural State Medical University

Ekaterinburg

polina.ladygina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-3225БыковР. О.BykovR. O.

Роман Олегович Быков — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций

Екатеринбург

Roman O. Bykov — Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections

Ekaterinburg

bykov_ro@niivirom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-6543ИтаниТ. М.ItaniT. M.

Тарек Мохамедович Итани — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций

Екатеринбург

Tarek M. Itani — Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections

Ekaterinburg

itani_tm@niivirom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-5257ЧалапаВ. И.ChalapaV. I.

Владислав Игоревич Чалапа — научный сотрудник лаборатории энтеральных вирусных инфекций, Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»; аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы, Уральский государственный медицинский университет

Екатеринбург

Vladislav I. Chalapa — Researcher of the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome”; Postgraduate Student of the Department of Epidemiology, Social Hygiene and State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service Organization, Ural State Medical University

Ekaterinburg

neekewa@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-8673СергеевА. Г.SergeevA. G.

Александр Григорьевич Сергеев — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела индикации и диагностики вирусных инфекций, Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»; профессор кафедры микробиологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики, Уральский государственный медицинский университет

Екатеринбург

Alexandr G. Sergeev — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Indication and Diagnosis of Viral Infections, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome”; Professor of the Department of Microbiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ural State Medical University

Ekaterinburg

sergeev_ag@niivirom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-5535ОленьковаО. М.OlenkovaO. M.

Ольга Михайловна Оленькова — заведующий лабораторией молекулярно-биологических методов исследования

Екатеринбург

Olga M. Olenkova — Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biological Research Methods

Ekaterinburg

dcldvir@mail.ruХаритоновА. Н.KharitonovA. N.

Александр Николаевич Харитонов — кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач

Екатеринбург

Alexandr N. Kharitonov — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Chief Physician

Ekaterinburg

ek-gcmp@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-8219СемёновА. В.SemenovA. V.

Александр Владимирович Семёнов — доктор биологических наук, директор, Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»; профессор кафедры микробиологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики, Уральский государственный медицинский университет

Екатеринбург

Alexandr V. Semenov — Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Director, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome”; Professor of the Department of Microbiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ural State Medical University

Ekaterinburg

semenov_av@niivirom.ruФедеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»РоссияFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome”Russian FederationФедеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»; Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome”; Ural State Medical UniversityRussian FederationКлинико-диагностический центр имени Я. Б. БейкинаРоссияClinical Diagnostic Center named after Y. B. BeikinRussian FederationЦентр общественного здоровья и медицинской профилактикиРоссияCenter for Public Health and Medical PreventionRussian Federation2024110720242332635Copyright © Старикова П.К., Быков Р.О., Итани Т.М., Чалапа В.И., Сергеев А.Г., Оленькова О.М., Харитонов А.Н., Семёнов А.В., 20242024Старикова П.К., Быков Р.О., Итани Т.М., Чалапа В.И., Сергеев А.Г., Оленькова О.М., Харитонов А.Н., Семёнов А.В.Starikova P.K., Bykov R.O., Itani T.M., Chalapa V.I., Sergeev A.G., Olenkova O.M., Kharitonov A.N., Semenov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1532Введение

Введение. Заболеваемость энтеровирусным менингитом в Екатеринбурге долго превышала средние показатели по России. В результате санитарно-противоэпидемических и ограничительных мероприятий, связанных с пандемией COVID-19, произошло снижение заболеваемости, что привело к сокращению циркуляции неполиомиелитных энтеровирусов и создало риски для возобновления развития неблагоприятной эпидситуации после снятия ограничений.

Цель работы — провести сравнительный анализ неполиомиелитных энтеровирусов, выделенных в Екатеринбурге от больных энтеровирусным менингитом до и после пандемии COVID-19.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Генотипирование положительных образцов (ликвора, мазка из зева, фекалий) от больных серозным менингитом проводили c помощью сервиса BLAST, анализируя нуклеотидную последовательность, кодирующую белок VP1. Множественное выравнивание и филогенетический анализ проводили в программном обеспечении MEGA.

Результаты

Результаты. В 2022 г. после снятия ограничительных мероприятий заболеваемость энтеровирусным менингитом в Екатеринбурге возросла в 10 раз по сравнению с предыдущим годом (3,390 на 100 тыс. жителей), но оставалась в 6,5 раз ниже среднемноголетнего уровня (22 035 на 100 тыс. населения). Обнаружены 7 типов неполиомиелитных энтеровирусов: 2 вида А (Coxsackievirus A4, Enterovirus A71) и 5 видов В (Coxsackievirus A9 и B2, Echovirus 6, 7, 9). По результатам лидировал Coxsackievirus А9, за которым следовал Echovirus 6.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. В 2022 г. Coxsackievirus A9 преобладал в структуре энтеровирусного менингита, не являясь эпидемически значим и редко обнаруживался в ликворе больных. Echovirus 6, второй по частоте обнаружения, является характерным для Уральского федерального округа. Остальные вирусы (Coxsackievirus A4 и B2, Echovirus 7 и 9, Enterovirus A71) также выявлялись у пациентов с энтеровирусным менингитом до пандемии COVID-19.

Заключение

Заключение. После отмены всех мероприятий после пандемии COVID-19, в 2022 г. заболеваемость энтеровирусным менингитом в Екатеринбурге возросла за счет восстановления циркуляции неполиомиелитных энтеровирусов.

Introduction

Introduction. The incidence of enterovirus meningitis in Ekaterinburg has long exceeded the average in Russia. As a result of sanitary, anti-epidemic and restrictive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in morbidity, which led to a reduction in the circulation of non-polio enteroviruses and created risks after lifting of restrictions.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of non-polio enteroviruses isolated in Ekaterinburg from patients with enterovirus before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Genotyping positive samples by sequencing VP1 gene (cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharyngeal, faeces) from patients with aseptic meningitis was performed using the BLAST service. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the MEGA software.

Results

Results. In 2022, after lifting restrictive measures, the incidence of enteroviruses in Ekaterinburg increased 10 times compared to the previous year (3,390 per 100 thousand inhabitants), but remained 6.5 times lower than the long-term average (22,035 per 100 thousand population). 7 types of non-polio enteroviruses were detected: 2 species A (Coxsackievirus A4, Enterovirus A71) and 5 species B (Coxsackievirus A9 and B2, Echovirus 6, 7, 9). Coxsackievirus A9 dominated, followed by Echovirus 6.

Discussion

Discussion. In 2022, Coxsackievirus A9 prevailed as the predominant type in enterovirus, was not epidemiologically significant and was rarely found in the cerebrospinal fluid samples. Echovirus 6, the second most frequently detected, was characteristic of the Ural Federal District. The remaining viruses (Coxsackievirus A4 and B2, Echovirus 7 and 9, Enterovirus A71) were also detected in patients with enterovirus before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Conclusion. After the cancellation of prophylactic measures after the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of enteroviruses in Ekaterinburg during 2022 increased due to the restoration of circulation of non-polio enteroviruses.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.