urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.23.3.146KZPZWYurmj-1543Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsНарушение сна как предиктор ускоренного старения человекаSleep Disturbance as a Predictor of Accelerated Human Aginghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-4388ГородничеваА. В.GorodnichevaA. V.

Анна Вадимовна Городничева — аспирант кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии

Екатеринбург

Anna V. Gorodnicheva     — Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery

Ekaterinburg

agorodnicheva99@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351КовтунО. П.KovtunO. P.

Ольга Петровна Ковтун — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук, ректор

Екатеринбург

Olga P. Kovtun — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Full Member (Academician) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector

Ekaterinburg

kovtun@usma.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-4422БродовскаяТ. О.BrodovskayaT. O.

Татьяна Олеговна Бродовская — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, и. о. заведующего кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней

Екатеринбург

Tatiana O. Brodovskaya — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Acting Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Disease

Ekaterinburg

to@brodovskaya.ruУральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202412072024233146162Copyright © Городничева А.В., Ковтун О.П., Бродовская Т.О., 20242024Городничева А.В., Ковтун О.П., Бродовская Т.О.Gorodnicheva A.V., Kovtun O.P., Brodovskaya T.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1543Введение

Введение. Известно, что старение приводит к дисфункции всех функциональных систем организма человека. Одним из его основных предикторов является нарушение сна, изучение влияния которого на развитие ускоренного процесса старения признается актуальной проблемой для медицинского сообщества.

Цель работы — анализ современных данных о возрастных аспектах нарушений сна и описание известных маркеров преждевременного старения, ассоциированных с сомнологическими расстройствами.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Поиск и подбор литературных источников осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, eLibrary, «КиберЛенинка», Google Scholar. Для поиска подбирались следующие ключевые слова: biological age, chronological age, biomarkers, brain aging, sleep disorders, polysomnography, «старение, сон, биологический возраст, хронологический возраст, когнитивное старение». Глубина поиска — 17 лет, с 2007 по 2024 г. Общее количество публикаций, включенных в обзор, — 80.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Старение — общий патологический процесс, затрагивающий все физиологические системы человека. Дана характеристика отличиям между терминами биологического и хронологического возрастов. Определена роль сомнологических нарушений в ускоренном процессе старения. По мере увеличения возраста наблюдаются изменения электрофизиологической картины сна с удлинением периода засыпания, увеличением числа ночных пробуждений, нарушением структуры медленноволнового сна и повышением дневной сонливости. Биологические маркеры старения, такие как сиртуины, длина теломер, показатели метилирования ДНК, положительно коррелируют с нарушением сна. Показано значение нейровизуализационных методов в определении ускоренного темпа старения у лиц с сомнологическими расстройствами.

Заключение

Заключение. Нарушение сна определяется как значимый показатель ускоренного старения организма. Дальнейшее исследование изменений структуры и качества сна может изменить представления о патогенетических механизмах старения и способствовать разработке новых диагностических и терапевтических стратегий в сфере антивозрастной медицины.

Introduction

Introduction. One of the main predictors of aging is sleep disturbance, the study of the role of which in the development of the accelerated aging process is recognized as an urgent problem for the medical community.

The aim of the work is to analyze modern data on age-related aspects of sleep status and describe known markers of early aging associated with somnological disorders.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The search and selection of literary sources was carried out in the databases PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar. Search depth — 17 years, from 2007 to 2024. The total number of publications included in the review was 80.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. Aging refers to a general pathological process that affects all human physiological systems. Differences between the terms biological and chronobiological age are established. The role of somnological disorders in the accelerated aging process has been determined. It has been established that as age increases, changes in the electrophysiological pattern of sleep are observed. It was found that changes in biological markers of aging are positively correlated with sleep disturbance. The importance of neuroimaging methods in determining the accelerated rate of aging in people with sleep disorders is shown.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Sleep disturbance is defined as a significant indicator of accelerated aging of the body. Further research into changes in the structure and quality of sleep may change the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of aging and contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the field of anti-aging medicine.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.