urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.24.2.7AFEOASurmj-1773Research ArticleОригинальные статьи | Original articlesOriginal articlesОсобенности стоматологического статуса пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печениDentistry Status Features of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-7782КайсинаТ. Н.KaisinaT. N.

Татьяна Николаевна Кайсина — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии.

Киров

Tatyana N. Kaisina — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Dentistry.

Kirov

kardynova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8709-131XГромоваС. Н.GromovaS. N.

Светлана Николаевна Громова — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой стоматологии.

Киров

Svetlana N. Gromova — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Dentistry.

Kirov

gromovasn@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-3555КолеватыхЕ. П.KolevatykhE. P.

Екатерина Петровна Колеватых — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии.

Киров

Ekaterina P. Kolevatykh — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virusology.

Kirov

hibica@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-8556ЕликовА. В.ElikovA. V.

Антон Вячеславович Еликов — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры химии.

Киров

Anton V. Elikov — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Chemistry.

Kirov

anton_yelikov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-277XЛеушинаЕ. А.LeushinaE. A.

Елена Александровна Леушина — старший преподаватель кафедры внутренних болезней.

Киров

Elena A. Leushina — Senior Lecturer of the Department of Internal Medicine.

Kirov

lenalexandrovna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3468-3630КушковаН. Е.KushkovaN. E.

Надежда Евгеньевна Кушкова — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патофизиологии.

Киров

Nadezhda E. Kushkova — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Pathophysiology.

Kirov

nku-jw@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-3485МальцеваО. А.MaltsevaO. A.

Ольга Александровна Мальцева — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры стоматологии.

Киров

Olga A. Maltseva — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Dentistry.

Kirov

oadoc@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-7172-8735ТитовМ. А.TitovM. A.

Михаил Андреевич Титов — студент стоматологического факультета.

Киров

Mikhail A. Titov — Specialist’s Degree Student of the Faculty of Dentistry.

Kirov

titov.mikhaylo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-5086-2720ТурдиеваД. Д.TurdievaD. D.

Динара Дилшодовна Турдиева — студент стоматологического факультета.

Киров

Dinara D. Turdieva — Specialist’s Degree Student of the Faculty of Dentistry.

Kirov

turdieva02@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-3553-2938ЧеремискинаМ. С.CheremiskinaM. S.

Мария Сергеевна Черемискина — студент стоматологического факультета.

Киров

Maria S. Cheremiskina — Specialist’s Degree Student of the Faculty of Dentistry.

Kirov

m.cheremiskina@yandex.ruКировский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKirov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025050520252427–20Copyright © Кайсина Т.Н., Громова С.Н., Колеватых Е.П., Еликов А.В., Леушина Е.А., Кушкова Н.Е., Мальцева О.А., Титов М.А., Турдиева Д.Д., Черемискина М.С., 20252025Кайсина Т.Н., Громова С.Н., Колеватых Е.П., Еликов А.В., Леушина Е.А., Кушкова Н.Е., Мальцева О.А., Титов М.А., Турдиева Д.Д., Черемискина М.С.Kaisina T.N., Gromova S.N., Kolevatykh E.P., Elikov A.V., Leushina E.A., Kushkova N.E., Maltseva O.A., Titov M.A., Turdieva D.D., Cheremiskina M.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1773Введение

Введение. Изменения со стороны полости рта имеют связь с патологическими процессами в печени. В отечественной литературе практически не встречаются сведения по описанию состояния здоровья полости рта при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП).

Цель исследования — определить особенности стоматологического статуса, выявить ведущие механизмы развития патологии полости рта и сформулировать основные направления стоматологической помощи у пациентов с НАЖБП.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование стоматологического статуса пациентов с НАЖБП, находившихся на лечении в клинической больнице «РЖД-Медицина» (Киров). Оценка состояния зубов, слизистой оболочки полости рта, пародонта осуществлялась при помощи объективного осмотра, гигиенических и пародонтальных индексов. Изучались биохимические параметры ротовой жидкости и состав микробиома полости рта.

Результаты

Результаты. Для пациентов с НАЖБП характерны высокая распространенность кариеса зубов и частичной адентии: количество удаленных зубов в 2 раза выше, чем у лиц без НАЖБП; у 100 % обследованных выявлены поражения слизистой оболочки и воспалительные заболевания пародонта. Отмечено снижение показателя общей антиоксидантной активности слюны и преобладание пародонтогенных микроорганизмов в составе микробиоты полости рта.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Возможными механизмами, ответственными за связь патологии слизистой рта и НАЖБП, являются особенности питания с преобладанием простых углеводов, изменения микробиома желудочно-кишечного тракта, преобладание провоспалительных реакций в иммунном ответе. Все это можно отнести к неблагоприятным факторам, способствующим развитию и прогрессированию поражения пародонта и твердых тканей зубов.

Заключение

Заключение. Для пациентов с НАЖБП характерны множественные комбинированные поражения твердых тканей зубов, слизистой оболочки полости рта, пародонта. Неблагоприятные изменения биохимического состава ротовой жидкости и микрофлоры полости рта способствуют развитию и хронизации патологических процессов. Пациентам необходима комплексная стоматологическая помощь: проведение гигиенических мероприятий, лечение заболеваний слизистой оболочки рта, пародонта, санация полости рта, протезирование.

Relevance

Relevance. Changes in the oral cavity have a close relationship with pathological processes in the liver. In the scientific articles is practically no information on the description of oral cavity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.

Goal — to determine the dental status of patients with NAFLD and to identify the leading mechanisms of development of oral pathology to formulate directions of dental care.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Аn assessment of the dental status of patients with NAFLD in the Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicine” (Kirov, Russia) included an objective examination, hygienic and periodontal indices, biochemical parameters of oral fluid and microbiological examination.

Results

Results. It was revealed high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss: the number of extracted teeth is 2 times higher than in individuals without NAFLD; 100 % patients had lesions of the oral mucosa and inflammatory periodontal diseases. A decrease in the antioxidant activity of saliva and a predominance of periodontogenic microorganisms in the oral microbiota were noted.

Discussion

Discussion. Possible linking mechanisms between dentistry pathology and NAFLD include dietary patterns, changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome, and the predominance of proinflammatory reactions in the immune response.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Patients with NAFLD are characterized by multiple combined lesions of hard tissues of teeth, oral mucosa, and periodontium. Unfavorable changes in the biochemical composition of oral fluid and oral microflora contribute to the development and progression of pathological processes. All patients with NAFLD need complex treatment of oral cavity pathology, including oral hygiene, treatment of dental and oral mucosa lesions, periodontal diseases, prosthetics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.