urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.24.2.129OBPNTPurmj-1783Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsОбзор профилактических мероприятий, направленных на повышение устойчивости организма к неблагоприятным воздействиям антропогенных и климатических факторов окружающей среды северных территорий РоссииReview of Preventive Measures Aimed at Increasing the Body Resistance to Adverse Effects of Anthropogenic and Climatic Factors of the Environment in the Northern Territories of Russiahttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733НикогосянК. М.NikogosyanK. M.

Карен Мерсопович Никогосян — младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики.

Екатеринбург

Karen M. Nikogosyan — Junior Researcher of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis.

Ekaterinburg

nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМ. П.SutunkovaM. P.

Марина Петровна Сутункова — доктор медицинских наук, директор, Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий,; заведующий кафедрой гигиены и медицины труда, Уральский государственный медицинский университет.

Екатеринбург

Marina P. Sutunkova — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Director, Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Head of the Department of Occupational Hygiene and Medicine, Ural SMU.

Ekaterinburg

sutunkova@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479РябоваЮ. В.RyabovaYu. V.

Юлия Владимировна Рябова — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией научных основ биологической профилактики.

Екатеринбург

Yuliya V. Ryabova — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Scientific Foundations of Bioprophylaxis.

Ekaterinburg

ryabova@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-6830МустафинаИ. З.MustafinaI. Z.

Илина Закарияновна Мустафина — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий учебной частью.

Москва

Ilina Z. Mustafina — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Study Section.

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593МинигалиеваИ. А.MinigalievaI. A.

Ильзира Амировна Минигалиева — доктор биологических наук, заведующий отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики.

Екатеринбург

Ilzira A. Minigalieva — Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis.

Ekaterinburg

ilzira@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-2446МажаеваТ. В.MazhaevaT. V.

Татьяна Васильевна Мажаева — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая отделом гигиены питания, качества и безопасности продукции.

Екатеринбург

Tatyana V. Mazhaeva — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Food Quality and Safety.

Ekaterinburg

mazhaeva@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-0175БатенёваВ. А.BatenevaV. A.

Влада Андреевна Батенёва — лаборант‑исследователь отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики.

Екатеринбург

Vlada A. Bateneva — Laboratory Technician and Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis.

Ekaterinburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-0008ШабардинаЛ. В.ShabardinaL. V.

Лада Владимировна Шабардина — младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики.

Екатеринбург

Lada V. Shabardina — Junior Researcher of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis.

Ekaterinburg

lada.shabardina@mail.ruЕкатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятийРоссияEkaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian FederationЕкатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий; Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияEkaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical UniversityRussian FederationРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian Federation202505052025242129–146Copyright © Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., Рябова Ю.В., Мустафина И.З., Минигалиева И.А., Мажаева Т.В., Батенёва В.А., Шабардина Л.В., 20252025Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., Рябова Ю.В., Мустафина И.З., Минигалиева И.А., Мажаева Т.В., Батенёва В.А., Шабардина Л.В.Nikogosyan K.M., Sutunkova M.P., Ryabova Y.V., Mustafina I.Z., Minigalieva I.A., Mazhaeva T.V., Bateneva V.A., Shabardina L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1783Введение

Введение. Одномоментное воздействие неблагоприятных погодно-климатических условий и химических факторов среды повышает вероятность нарушения здоровья человека, которая зависит от индивидуальных особенностей организма и может быть управляема средствами специфической и неспецифической защиты. Одним из таких средств является биологическая профилактика, включающая в себя меры по повышению устойчивости организма и усилению адаптационных механизмов организма.

Цель — обобщение научных материалов об особенностях питания жителей северных территорий России для обоснования необходимости разработки профилактических мероприятий, направленных на повышение устойчивости организма к неблагоприятным воздействиям антропогенных и климатических факторов окружающей среды в условиях Крайнего Севера.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен библиографический поиск по информационным базам данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru, «КиберЛенинка». Обнаружено более 100 оригинальных статей, в результате из них критериям включения соответствовала 61 полнотекстовая публикация, представленная в обзоре.

Результаты

Результаты. Постепенный переход на западный тип питания населения, проживающего на северных территориях, приводит к повышенному потреблению углеводов, недостаточному — жиров и белков. Зафиксирован дефицит йода, витаминов А, Е, С и D, причем последний усугубляется генетическим фактором у представителей коренных народов. Содержание тяжелых металлов, в частности свинца и ртути, в биосредах организма зачастую связано с геохимическими особенностями территории проживания и употреблением местной рыбы.

Заключение

Заключение. Для сохранения здоровья населения, проживающего на северных территориях России, необходима профилактическая стратегия, с одной стороны, направленная на обогащение витаминами и минералами пищевых рационов, с другой — повышающая устойчивость организма к вредному действию токсических агентов, которые могут присутствовать в традиционных пищевых продуктах.

Introduction

Introduction. Simultaneous exposure to unfavorable weather and climate conditions and environmental chemicals poses risks of human health impairment, realization of which depends on individual characteristics of the organism and can be controlled by biological prophylaxis comprising measures to increase the resistance and strengthen the adaptive mechanisms of the body.

Objective — to review the scientific experience of taking preventive measures aimed at increasing the body resistance to adverse effects of anthropogenic and climatic factors in the northern territories of Russia.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. We conducted an electronic bibliography search in the PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru, and CyberLeninka information databases. Of 100 original articles found, 61 full-text publications were eligible for inclusion in the review.

Results

Results. A gradual switchover to the Western pattern diet of the northerners leads to increased consumption of carbohydrates but insufficient intake of fats and proteins. The researchers have observed deficiency of iodine, vitamins A, E, C, and D, with the latter being aggravated by the genetic factor in indigenous peoples. Levels of heavy metals, particularly those of lead and mercury, in biological fluids are often associated with geochemical characteristics of the territory and local fish consumption.

Conclusion

Conclusion. To maintain health of the population living in the northern territories of Russia, it is important to develop a preventive strategy aimed, on the one hand, at enriching the diet with vitamins and minerals and, on the other hand, increasing the body resistance to adverse effects of toxicants potentially present in traditional foods.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.