<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/umj.24.5.64</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PDWCPW</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-1972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Литературные обзоры | Literature reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осложнения лучевой терапии меланомы хориоидеи и возможности их лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiation Therapy Complications in Choroidal Melanoma and Strategies for Their Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2126-4345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистунова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistunova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистунова Евгения Михайловна — офтальмолог, Санкт-Петербургский филиал, НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова»; соискатель ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук кафедры оториноларингологии и офтальмологии, СПбГУ.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniia M. Svistunova — Ophthalmologist, Saint Petersburg Branch, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Applicant for the Degree of Candidate of Sciences (Medicine) of the Department of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Saint Petersburg State University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">em.svistunova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4271-7341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Муса</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Mousa</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Муса Ибрагим Амер — клинический ординатор.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ibrahim A. Al-Mousa — Resident, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ib.don.ib@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6008-9389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инсаркина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Insarkina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инсаркина Любовь Алексеевна — клинический ординатор.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov A. Insarkina — Resident, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyuba.insarkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-2793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быховский</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykhovsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быховский Арсений Андреевич — офтальмолог.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseny A. Bykhovsky — Ophthalmologist, Saint Petersburg Branch, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbyh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-4555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панова Ирина Евгеньевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, Санкт-Петербургский филиал, НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. акад. С.Н. Фёдорова»; профессор кафедры оториноларингологии и офтальмологии, СПбГУ; профессор кафедры офтальмологии, СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina E. Panova — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Work, Saint Petersburg Branch, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Professor of the Department of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Saint Petersburg State University; Professor of the Department of Ophthalmology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eyeren@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Branch, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Branch, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Branch, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Saint Petersburg State University; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>64–81</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свистунова Е.М., Аль-Муса И.А., Инсаркина Л.А., Быховский А.A., Панова И.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свистунова Е.М., Аль-Муса И.А., Инсаркина Л.А., Быховский А.A., Панова И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Svistunova E.M., Al-Mousa I.A., Insarkina L.A., Bykhovsky A.A., Panova I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1972">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1972</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Приоритетным направлением в лечении меланомы хориоидеи (МХ) являются органосохраняющие методы, среди которых ключевую роль занимает лучевая терапия. Несмотря на высокую эффективность, применение радиационного воздействия сопровождается развитием постлучевых осложнений, которые могут нивелировать результаты лечения и в некоторых ситуациях приводить к необходимости выполнения вторичной энуклеации.</p><p>Цель работы — обобщить данные современных исследований, посвященных лучевой терапии МХ, спектру и частоте возникающих постлучевых осложнений, факторам риска их развития, способам профилактики и лечения в зависимости от методики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Литературный поиск и анализ научных публикаций проводился на русском и английском языках по ключевым словам. Критерии отбора публикаций: оригинальные статьи (рандомизированные и нерандомизированные клинические исследования), обзоры (метаанализы и систематические обзоры), соответствующие рассматриваемой теме.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждения</title><p>Результаты и обсуждения. Обзор включает в себя изучение современных методов лучевой терапии МХ, таких как брахитерапия, протонная терапия и стереотаксическая радиохирургия, а также показаний к их применению и эффективности. Анализируются типы, частота и особенности возникающих постлучевых осложнений, в т. ч. повреждение кожи век и периорбитальной области, роговицы, хрусталика, макулы, зрительного нерва, вторичная глаукома и др., а также рассматриваются факторы риска возникновения этих осложнений, возможные методы их профилактики и лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. После различных методов лучевой терапии МХ отмечается схожий спектр осложнений, однако частота их возникновения и преобладание определенных форм варьируются в зависимости от выбранной методики. Большинство изменений поддается лечению, однако неоваскулярная глаукома, склеромаляция и персистирующие трофические язвы роговицы могут потребовать вторичной энуклеации, что подчеркивает необходимость совершенствования профилактики, раннего выявления осложнений и разработки четких критериев отбора пациентов для органосохраняющего лечения МХ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Organ-preserving modalities are the current standard of care in the management of choroidal melanoma (CM), with radiation therapy playing a pivotal role. Despite its high efficacy, radiation exposure is associated with a broad spectrum of post-radiation complications, which may compromise treatment outcomes and, in some cases, necessitate secondary enucleation.</p><p>The objective of the work is to summarize current evidence on the use of radiation therapy in CM, analyze the range and incidence of post-radiation complications, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate strategies for prevention and management depending on the treatment modality.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A literature search and analysis of scientific publications in Russian and English was conducted using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria: original studies (randomized and non-randomized clinical trials), reviews (meta-analyses and systematic reviews) relevant to the topic.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. This review encompasses modern methods of radiation therapy for CM, including brachytherapy, proton beam therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery, with attention to their indications and clinical efficacy. The types, frequency, and specific features of post-radiation complications are analyzed, including damage to the eyelid and periocular skin, cornea, lens, macula, optic nerve, secondary glaucoma, among others. Risk factors for such complications are discussed, along with available preventive and therapeutic approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Although different radiation modalities for CM share a similar spectrum of complications, their frequency and predominance vary considerably depending on the chosen technique. Most complications are manageable; however, neovascular glaucoma, scleromalacia, and persistent trophic corneal ulcers may require secondary enucleation. These outcomes highlight the need for improved prevention, early detection of complications, and clear patient selection criteria for organ-preserving treatment of choroidal melanoma.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома хориоидеи</kwd><kwd>брахитерапия</kwd><kwd>протонная терапия</kwd><kwd>стереотаксическая радиохирургия</kwd><kwd>постлучевые осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>choroidal melanoma</kwd><kwd>brachytherapy</kwd><kwd>proton therapy</kwd><kwd>stereotactic radiosurgery</kwd><kwd>radiation complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill V, Herrspiegel C, Sabazade S, Fili M, Bergman L, Damato B, et al. Trends in uveal melanoma presentation and survival during five decades: A nationwide survey of 3898 Swedish patients. Frontiers in Medicine. 2022;9:926034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.926034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill V, Herrspiegel C, Sabazade S, Fili M, Bergman L, Damato B, et al. Trends in uveal melanoma presentation and survival during five decades: A nationwide survey of 3898 Swedish patients. Frontiers in Medicine. 2022;9:926034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.926034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma: V. Twelve-year mortality rates and prognostic factors: COMS report No. 28. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2006;124(12):1684–1693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.124.12.1684.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma: V. Twelve-year mortality rates and prognostic factors: COMS report No. 28. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2006;124(12):1684–1693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.124.12.1684.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naumenko LV, Zhyliayeva KP, Evmenenko AA, Zherka IY, Krasny SA. Eighteen-year results of treatment of uveal melanoma using Ruthenium-106 + Rhodium-106 brachytherapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical Series. 2021;18(3):284–291. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-3-284-291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumenko LV, Zhyliayeva KP, Evmenenko AA, Zherka IY, Krasny SA. Eighteen-year results of treatment of uveal melanoma using Ruthenium-106 + Rhodium-106 brachytherapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical Series. 2021;18(3):284–291. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-3-284-291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brovkina AF. Local treatment of choroidal melanoma: Possibilities and limitations. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2018;134(4):52–60. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma201813404152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovkina AF. Local treatment of choroidal melanoma: Possibilities and limitations. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2018;134(4):52–60. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma201813404152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roelofsen CDM, Wierenga APA, van Duinen S, Verdijk RM, Bleeker J, Marinkovic M, et al. Five decades of enucleations for uveal melanoma in one center: More tumors with high risk factors, no improvement in survival over time. Ocular Oncology and Pathology. 2021;7(2):133–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roelofsen CDM, Wierenga APA, van Duinen S, Verdijk RM, Bleeker J, Marinkovic M, et al. Five decades of enucleations for uveal melanoma in one center: More tumors with high risk factors, no improvement in survival over time. Ocular Oncology and Pathology. 2021;7(2):133–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neroev VV, Saakyan SV, Amiryan AG, Valskiy VV. Clinico-ecographic factors of prediction of uveal melanoma brachytherapy efficiency. REJR. 2018;8(1):40–51. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2018-8-1-40-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev VV, Saakyan SV, Amiryan AG, Valskiy VV. Clinico-ecographic factors of prediction of uveal melanoma brachytherapy efficiency. REJR. 2018;8(1):40–51. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2018-8-1-40-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Georgopoulos M, Zehetmayer M, Ruhswurm I, Toma-Bstaendig S, Ségur-Eltz N, Sacu S, et al. Tumour regression of uveal melanoma after ruthenium-106 brachytherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy with gamma knife or linear accelerator. Ophthalmologica. 2003;217(5):315–319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000071345.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Georgopoulos M, Zehetmayer M, Ruhswurm I, Toma-Bstaendig S, Ségur-Eltz N, Sacu S, et al. Tumour regression of uveal melanoma after ruthenium-106 brachytherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy with gamma knife or linear accelerator. Ophthalmologica. 2003;217(5):315–319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000071345.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samkovich EV, Panova IE, Boyko EV, Svistunova EM, Bykhovskii AA. Photodynamic therapy in the combined treatment of choroidal melanoma. Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2024;(2):99–108. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25276/0235-4160-2024-2-99-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samkovich EV, Panova IE, Boyko EV, Svistunova EM, Bykhovskii AA. Photodynamic therapy in the combined treatment of choroidal melanoma. Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2024;(2):99–108. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25276/0235-4160-2024-2-99-108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yarovoy AA, Magaramov DA, Bulgakova ES. Results of 10-year use of complex treatment of choroidal melanoma stage T2 with brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2011;127(1):38–42. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NDJUKT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarovoy AA, Magaramov DA, Bulgakova ES. Results of 10-year use of complex treatment of choroidal melanoma stage T2 with brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2011;127(1):38–42. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NDJUKT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brovkina AF. Current aspects of treatment for choroidal melanomas: Problems, controversial questions. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2006;122(1):13–16. (In Russ.). PMID: https://pubmed.gov/16550680.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovkina AF. Current aspects of treatment for choroidal melanomas: Problems, controversial questions. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2006;122(1):13–16. (In Russ.). PMID: https://pubmed.gov/16550680.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zherka IY, Dziameshka PD, Naumenko LV, Hizemava VA. Radiation therapy of choroidal melanoma: Comparative evaluation of the treatment results. Vitebsk Medical Journal. 2023;22(1):83–93. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TKNVRR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zherka IY, Dziameshka PD, Naumenko LV, Hizemava VA. Radiation therapy of choroidal melanoma: Comparative evaluation of the treatment results. Vitebsk Medical Journal. 2023;22(1):83–93. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TKNVRR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson RR. Radiological use of fast protons. Radiology. 1946;47(5):487–491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/47.5.487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson RR. Radiological use of fast protons. Radiology. 1946;47(5):487–491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/47.5.487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gragoudas ES, Seddon JM, Egan K, Glynn R, Munzenrider J, Austin-Seymour M, et al. Long-term results of proton beam irradiated uveal melanomas. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(4):349–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33456-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gragoudas ES, Seddon JM, Egan K, Glynn R, Munzenrider J, Austin-Seymour M, et al. Long-term results of proton beam irradiated uveal melanomas. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(4):349–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33456-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hrbacek J, Kacperek A, Beenakker JWM, Mortimer L, Denker A, Mazal A, et al. PTCOG ocular statement: Expert summary of current practices and future developments in ocular proton therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2024;120(5):1307–1325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.06.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hrbacek J, Kacperek A, Beenakker JWM, Mortimer L, Denker A, Mazal A, et al. PTCOG ocular statement: Expert summary of current practices and future developments in ocular proton therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2024;120(5):1307–1325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.06.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miao Y, Zheng T, Zhang Q, Li M, Lei Q, Liu Q, et al. Efficacy and safety of proton radiotherapy in treating choroidal melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiation Oncology. 2025;20(1):7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-024-02580-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miao Y, Zheng T, Zhang Q, Li M, Lei Q, Liu Q, et al. Efficacy and safety of proton radiotherapy in treating choroidal melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiation Oncology. 2025;20(1):7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-024-02580-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saakyan SV, Borodin JI, Shirina TV. Estimate of the treatment efficiency and survival of patients with uveal melanoma after treatment with a narrow medical proton beam. Radiology — Practice. 2012:49–53. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PUYYXX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saakyan SV, Borodin JI, Shirina TV. Estimate of the treatment efficiency and survival of patients with uveal melanoma after treatment with a narrow medical proton beam. Radiology — Practice. 2012:49–53. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PUYYXX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desjardins L, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Levy-Gabriel C, Cassoux N, Dendale R, Mazal A, et al. Treatment of uveal melanoma by accelerated proton beam. In: Desjardins L, Kivelä T, Damato BE, Jager MJ (eds.). Current concepts in uveal melanoma. Basel: Karger; 2012. P. 41–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000328257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desjardins L, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Levy-Gabriel C, Cassoux N, Dendale R, Mazal A, et al. Treatment of uveal melanoma by accelerated proton beam. In: Desjardins L, Kivelä T, Damato BE, Jager MJ (eds.). Current concepts in uveal melanoma. Basel: Karger; 2012. P. 41–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000328257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussain RN, Chiu A, Pittam B, Taktak A, Damato BE, Kacperek A, et al. Proton beam radiotherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma in the UK — national audit of referral patterns of 1 084 cases. Eye. 2023; 37(5):1033–1036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02178-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussain RN, Chiu A, Pittam B, Taktak A, Damato BE, Kacperek A, et al. Proton beam radiotherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma in the UK — national audit of referral patterns of 1 084 cases. Eye. 2023; 37(5):1033–1036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02178-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fakiris AJ, Lo SS, Henderson MA, Witt TC, Worth RM, Danis RP, et al. Gamma-knife-based stereotactic radiosurgery for uveal melanoma. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 2007;85(2–3):106–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000098525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fakiris AJ, Lo SS, Henderson MA, Witt TC, Worth RM, Danis RP, et al. Gamma-knife-based stereotactic radiosurgery for uveal melanoma. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 2007;85(2–3):106–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000098525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zherkо IYu, Dziameshkо PD, Naumenko LV, Minailо II, Zhyliayeva EP, Hizemava OA, et al. The immediate results of choroidal melanoma treatment using stereotactic radiosurgery. Diagnostic Radiology and Radiotherapy. 2022;13(1):95–102. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2022-13-1-95-102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zherkо IYu, Dziameshkо PD, Naumenko LV, Minailо II, Zhyliayeva EP, Hizemava OA, et al. The immediate results of choroidal melanoma treatment using stereotactic radiosurgery. Diagnostic Radiology and Radiotherapy. 2022;13(1):95–102. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2022-13-1-95-102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du K, Luo W. Efficacy and safety of robotic Cyberknife radiotherapy in uveal melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye. 2025;39(3):548–555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03582-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du K, Luo W. Efficacy and safety of robotic Cyberknife radiotherapy in uveal melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye. 2025;39(3):548–555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03582-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liegl R, Schmelter V, Fuerweger C, Ehret F, Priglinger S, Muacevic A, et al. Robotic CyberKnife radiosurgery for the treatment of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023;250:177–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2022.12.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liegl R, Schmelter V, Fuerweger C, Ehret F, Priglinger S, Muacevic A, et al. Robotic CyberKnife radiosurgery for the treatment of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023;250:177–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2022.12.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber DC, Bogner J, Verwey J, Georg D, Dieckmann K, Escudé L, et al. Proton beam radiotherapy versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanomas: A comparative study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2005;63(2):373–384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber DC, Bogner J, Verwey J, Georg D, Dieckmann K, Escudé L, et al. Proton beam radiotherapy versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanomas: A comparative study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2005;63(2):373–384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nathan P, Cohen V, Coupland S, Curtis K, Damato B, Evans J, et al.; United Kingdom Uveal Melanoma Guideline Development Working Group. Uveal melanoma UK National Guidelines. European Journal of Cancer. 2015;51(16):2404–2412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nathan P, Cohen V, Coupland S, Curtis K, Damato B, Evans J, et al.; United Kingdom Uveal Melanoma Guideline Development Working Group. Uveal melanoma UK National Guidelines. European Journal of Cancer. 2015;51(16):2404–2412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerard A, Peyrichon ML, Vidal M, Barnel C, Sauerwein W, Carnicer A, et al. Ocular proton therapy, pencil beam scanning high energy proton therapy or stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanoma; an in silico study. Cancer/Radiothérapie. 2022;26(8):1027–1033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2022.03.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerard A, Peyrichon ML, Vidal M, Barnel C, Sauerwein W, Carnicer A, et al. Ocular proton therapy, pencil beam scanning high energy proton therapy or stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanoma; an in silico study. Cancer/Radiothérapie. 2022;26(8):1027–1033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2022.03.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zemba M, Dumitrescu OM, Gheorghe AG, Radu M, Ionescu MA, Vatafu A, et al. Ocular complications of radiotherapy in uveal melanoma. Cancers. 2023;15(2):333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemba M, Dumitrescu OM, Gheorghe AG, Radu M, Ionescu MA, Vatafu A, et al. Ocular complications of radiotherapy in uveal melanoma. Cancers. 2023;15(2):333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tseng VL, Coleman AL, Zhang ZF, McCannel TA. Complications from plaque versus proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma: A qualitative systematic review. Journal of Cancer Therapy. 2016;7(3):169–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2016.73018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseng VL, Coleman AL, Zhang ZF, McCannel TA. Complications from plaque versus proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma: A qualitative systematic review. Journal of Cancer Therapy. 2016;7(3):169–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2016.73018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neroev VV, Saakyan SV, Amiryan AG, Valsky VV. Radiation complications after brachytherapy of uveal melanoma: Their relationship with clinical, echographic, hemodynamic characteristics, and the degree of tumor resorption. REJR. 2018;8(2):8–23. (In Russ). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2018-8-2-8-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroev VV, Saakyan SV, Amiryan AG, Valsky VV. Radiation complications after brachytherapy of uveal melanoma: Their relationship with clinical, echographic, hemodynamic characteristics, and the degree of tumor resorption. REJR. 2018;8(2):8–23. (In Russ). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2018-8-2-8-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra K, Daftari I, Weinberg V, Cole T, Quivey J, Castro J, et al. Risk factors for neovascular glaucoma after proton beam therapy of uveal melanoma: A detailed analysis of tumor and dose-volume parameters. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2013;87(2):330–336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.05.051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra K, Daftari I, Weinberg V, Cole T, Quivey J, Castro J, et al. Risk factors for neovascular glaucoma after proton beam therapy of uveal melanoma: A detailed analysis of tumor and dose-volume parameters. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2013;87(2):330–336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.05.051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foss A, Whelehan I, Hungerford J, Anderson D, Errington R, Kacperek A, et al. Predictive factors for the development of rubeosis following proton beam radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1997;81(9):748–754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.81.9.748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foss A, Whelehan I, Hungerford J, Anderson D, Errington R, Kacperek A, et al. Predictive factors for the development of rubeosis following proton beam radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1997;81(9):748–754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.81.9.748.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zherka IY, Dziameshka PD, Naumenko LV, Zhyliayeva KP, Hizemava VA, Polyakov SL. Predictive factors for the development of secondary glaucoma after stereotactic radiosurgery for choroidal melanoma. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2022;20(3):335–342. (In Russ). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-3-335-342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zherka IY, Dziameshka PD, Naumenko LV, Zhyliayeva KP, Hizemava VA, Polyakov SL. Predictive factors for the development of secondary glaucoma after stereotactic radiosurgery for choroidal melanoma. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2022;20(3):335–342. (In Russ). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-3-335-342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modorati GM, Dagan R, Mikkelsen LH, Andreasen S, Ferlito A, Bandello F. Gamma knife radiosurgery for uveal melanoma: A retrospective review of clinical complications in a tertiary referral center. Ocular Oncology and Pathology. 2020;6(2):115–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000501971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modorati GM, Dagan R, Mikkelsen LH, Andreasen S, Ferlito A, Bandello F. Gamma knife radiosurgery for uveal melanoma: A retrospective review of clinical complications in a tertiary referral center. Ocular Oncology and Pathology. 2020;6(2):115–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000501971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeganathan VS, Wirth A, MacManus MP. Ocular risks from orbital and periorbital radiation therapy: A critical review. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2011;79(3):650–659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeganathan VS, Wirth A, MacManus MP. Ocular risks from orbital and periorbital radiation therapy: A critical review. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2011;79(3):650–659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Servodidio CA, Abramson DH. Acute and long-term effects of radiation therapy to the eye in children. Cancer Nursing. 1993;16(5):371–381. PMID: https://pubmed.gov/8261386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Servodidio CA, Abramson DH. Acute and long-term effects of radiation therapy to the eye in children. Cancer Nursing. 1993;16(5):371–381. PMID: https://pubmed.gov/8261386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durkin SR, Roos D, Higgs B, Casson RJ, Selva D. Ophthalmic and adnexal complications of radiotherapy. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2007;85(3):240–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2006.00822.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durkin SR, Roos D, Higgs B, Casson RJ, Selva D. Ophthalmic and adnexal complications of radiotherapy. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2007;85(3):240–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2006.00822.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilton CS, Denham JW, O’Brien M, Ostwald P, Kron T, Wright S, et al. Underprediction of human skin erythema at low doses per fraction by the linear quadratic model. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 1996; 40(1):23–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8140(96)01764-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamilton CS, Denham JW, O’Brien M, Ostwald P, Kron T, Wright S, et al. Underprediction of human skin erythema at low doses per fraction by the linear quadratic model. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 1996; 40(1):23–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8140(96)01764-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akagunduz OO, Yilmaz SG, Tavlayan E, Baris ME, Afrashi F, Esassolak M. Radiation-induced ocular surface disorders and retinopathy: Ocular structures and radiation dose-volume effect. Cancer Research and Treatment. 2022;54(2):417–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akagunduz OO, Yilmaz SG, Tavlayan E, Baris ME, Afrashi F, Esassolak M. Radiation-induced ocular surface disorders and retinopathy: Ocular structures and radiation dose-volume effect. Cancer Research and Treatment. 2022;54(2):417–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parsons JT, Bova FJ, Mendenhall WM, Million RR, Fitzgerald CR. Response of the normal eye to high dose radiotherapy. Oncology. 1996;10(6):837–851. PMID: https://pubmed.gov/8823799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parsons JT, Bova FJ, Mendenhall WM, Million RR, Fitzgerald CR. Response of the normal eye to high dose radiotherapy. Oncology. 1996;10(6):837–851. PMID: https://pubmed.gov/8823799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parsons JT, Bova FJ, Fitzgerald CR, Mendenhall WM, Million RR. Severe dry-eye syndrome following external beam irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1994;30(4):775–780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(94)90348-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parsons JT, Bova FJ, Fitzgerald CR, Mendenhall WM, Million RR. Severe dry-eye syndrome following external beam irradiation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1994;30(4):775–780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(94)90348-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kennerdell JS, Flores NE, Hartsock RJ. Low-dose radiotherapy for lymphoid lesions of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999;15(2):129–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002341-199903000-00012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kennerdell JS, Flores NE, Hartsock RJ. Low-dose radiotherapy for lymphoid lesions of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999;15(2):129–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002341-199903000-00012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borodin YI, Valsky VV. Alteration in visual acuity in the patients with malignant tumors of eye adnexa after proton beam therapy. Ophthalmosurgery. 2010;(1):34–48. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PXQZPZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borodin YI, Valsky VV. Alteration in visual acuity in the patients with malignant tumors of eye adnexa after proton beam therapy. Ophthalmosurgery. 2010;(1):34–48. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PXQZPZ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozkaya Akagunduz O, Guven Yilmaz S, Yalman D, Yuce B, Demirkilinc Biler E, Afrashi F, et al. Evaluation of the radiation dose-volume effects of optic nerves and chiasm by psychophysical, electrophysiologic tests, and optical coherence tomography in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Technology in Cancer Research &amp; Treatment. 2017;16(6):969–977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617711613.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozkaya Akagunduz O, Guven Yilmaz S, Yalman D, Yuce B, Demirkilinc Biler E, Afrashi F, et al. Evaluation of the radiation dose-volume effects of optic nerves and chiasm by psychophysical, electrophysiologic tests, and optical coherence tomography in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Technology in Cancer Research &amp; Treatment. 2017;16(6):969–977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617711613.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foti PV, Travali M, Farina R, Palmucci S, Spatola C, Liardo RLE, et al. Diagnostic methods and therapeutic options of uveal melanoma with emphasis on MR imaging — part II: Treatment indications and complications. Insights into Imaging. 2021;12(1):67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-021-01001-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foti PV, Travali M, Farina R, Palmucci S, Spatola C, Liardo RLE, et al. Diagnostic methods and therapeutic options of uveal melanoma with emphasis on MR imaging — part II: Treatment indications and complications. Insights into Imaging. 2021;12(1):67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-021-01001-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riekki R, Jukkola A, Oikarinen A, Kallioinen M. Radiation therapy induces tenascin expression and angiogenesis in human skin. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 2001;81(5):329–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/000155501317140025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riekki R, Jukkola A, Oikarinen A, Kallioinen M. Radiation therapy induces tenascin expression and angiogenesis in human skin. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 2001;81(5):329–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/000155501317140025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behroozian T, Goldshtein D, Ryan Wolf J, van den Hurk C, Finkelstein S, Lam H, et al.; Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Oncodermatology Study Group Radiation Dermatitis Guidelines Working Group. MASCC clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of acute radiation dermatitis: Part 1) systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;58:101886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101886.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behroozian T, Goldshtein D, Ryan Wolf J, van den Hurk C, Finkelstein S, Lam H, et al.; Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Oncodermatology Study Group Radiation Dermatitis Guidelines Working Group. MASCC clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of acute radiation dermatitis: Part 1) systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;58:101886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101886.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanna NR, Kumar DP, Laskar SG, Laskar S. Radiation dermatitis: An overview. Indian Journal of Burns. 2013;21(1):24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-653X.121877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanna NR, Kumar DP, Laskar SG, Laskar S. Radiation dermatitis: An overview. Indian Journal of Burns. 2013;21(1):24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-653X.121877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth J, Brown N, Catterall M, Beal A. Effects of fast neutrons on the eye. The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1976;60(4):236–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.60.4.236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roth J, Brown N, Catterall M, Beal A. Effects of fast neutrons on the eye. The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1976;60(4):236–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.60.4.236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akpek EK, Amescua G, Farid M, Garcia-Ferrer FJ, Lin A, Rhee MK, et al.; American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Cornea and External Disease Panel. Dry eye syndrome preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(1):286–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akpek EK, Amescua G, Farid M, Garcia-Ferrer FJ, Lin A, Rhee MK, et al.; American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Cornea and External Disease Panel. Dry eye syndrome preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(1):286–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Sawy T, Ali R, Nasser QJ, Esmaeli B. Outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with head and neck cancer treated with high-dose radiation therapy. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2012; 28(3):196–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0b013e31824c11df.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Sawy T, Ali R, Nasser QJ, Esmaeli B. Outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with head and neck cancer treated with high-dose radiation therapy. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2012; 28(3):196–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0b013e31824c11df.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diba R, Saadati H, Esmaeli B. Outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with head and neck tumors. Head &amp; Neck. 2005;27(1):72–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.20079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diba R, Saadati H, Esmaeli B. Outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with head and neck tumors. Head &amp; Neck. 2005;27(1):72–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.20079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valsky VV, Saakyan SV, Borodin YI. Complications after proton beam irradiation therapy of uveal melanoma: Treatment and prophylaxis. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2013;6(3):12–15 (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QIWMBF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valsky VV, Saakyan SV, Borodin YI. Complications after proton beam irradiation therapy of uveal melanoma: Treatment and prophylaxis. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2013;6(3):12–15 (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QIWMBF.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Passarin O, Zografos L, Schalenbourg A, Moulin A, Hospital JE. Scleritis after proton therapy in uveal melanoma. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde. 2012;229(4):395–398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Passarin O, Zografos L, Schalenbourg A, Moulin A, Hospital JE. Scleritis after proton therapy in uveal melanoma. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde. 2012;229(4):395–398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saakyan SV, Amiryan AG, Valskiy VV, Mironova IS, Iomdina EN, Markosyan GA. Scleral necrosis after brachytherapy of uveal melanoma and methods of its elimination. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2017; 10(1):43–48. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YFQCGB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saakyan SV, Amiryan AG, Valskiy VV, Mironova IS, Iomdina EN, Markosyan GA. Scleral necrosis after brachytherapy of uveal melanoma and methods of its elimination. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2017; 10(1):43–48. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YFQCGB.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groenewald C, Konstantinidis L, Damato B. Effects of radiotherapy on uveal melanomas and adjacent tissues. Eye. 2013;27(2):163–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2012.249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groenewald C, Konstantinidis L, Damato B. Effects of radiotherapy on uveal melanomas and adjacent tissues. Eye. 2013;27(2):163–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2012.249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen JC, Oliver SC, McCannel TA. Ocular complications following I-125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. Eye. 2009;23(6):1254–1268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2009.43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen JC, Oliver SC, McCannel TA. Ocular complications following I-125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. Eye. 2009;23(6):1254–1268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2009.43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panova IE, Svistunova EM, Vorobyov NA, Samkovich EV, Martynova NI, Bykhovsky AA. Neovascular glaucoma as a complication of proton therapy for uveal melanoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(4):185–192. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-4-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panova IE, Svistunova EM, Vorobyov NA, Samkovich EV, Martynova NI, Bykhovsky AA. Neovascular glaucoma as a complication of proton therapy for uveal melanoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(4):185–192. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-4-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stadigh AE, Puska PM, Kivelä TT. Incidence and risk factors for secondary glaucoma in eyes with uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology Glaucoma. 2023;6(1):29–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogla.2022.08.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stadigh AE, Puska PM, Kivelä TT. Incidence and risk factors for secondary glaucoma in eyes with uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology Glaucoma. 2023;6(1):29–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogla.2022.08.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brovkina AF, Khionidi YN, Nechesnyuk Syu. Mechanism of secondary glaucoma development after local destruction of choroidal melanoma. Glaukoma. 2010;(1):52–55. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MBRFZT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovkina AF, Khionidi YN, Nechesnyuk Syu. Mechanism of secondary glaucoma development after local destruction of choroidal melanoma. Glaukoma. 2010;(1):52–55. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MBRFZT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siedlecki J, Reiterer V, Leicht S, Foerster P, Kortüm K, Schaller U, et al. Incidence of secondary glaucoma after treatment of uveal melanoma with robotic radiosurgery versus brachytherapy. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2017;95(8):e734–e739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siedlecki J, Reiterer V, Leicht S, Foerster P, Kortüm K, Schaller U, et al. Incidence of secondary glaucoma after treatment of uveal melanoma with robotic radiosurgery versus brachytherapy. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2017;95(8):e734–e739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camp DA, Yadav P, Dalvin LA, Shields CL. Glaucoma secondary to intraocular tumors: Mechanisms and management. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2019;30(2):71–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/icu.0000000000000550.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camp DA, Yadav P, Dalvin LA, Shields CL. Glaucoma secondary to intraocular tumors: Mechanisms and management. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2019;30(2):71–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/icu.0000000000000550.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahdjoubi A, Najean M, Lemaitre S, Dureau S, Dendale R, Levy C, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for neovascular glaucoma in uveal melanoma treated by proton beam therapy. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2018;256(2):411–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3834-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahdjoubi A, Najean M, Lemaitre S, Dureau S, Dendale R, Levy C, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for neovascular glaucoma in uveal melanoma treated by proton beam therapy. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2018;256(2):411–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3834-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brovkina AF, Stoyukhina AS, Chesalin IP. Choroidal melanoma brachyterapy and secondary enucleation. Ophthalmology Reports. 2014;7(2):69–77. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/OV2014269-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovkina AF, Stoyukhina AS, Chesalin IP. Choroidal melanoma brachyterapy and secondary enucleation. Ophthalmology Reports. 2014;7(2):69–77. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/OV2014269-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foti PV, Inì C, Travali M, Farina R, Palmucci S, Spatola C, et al. MR imaging–pathologic correlation of uveal melanomas undergoing secondary enucleation after proton beam radiotherapy. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(9):4310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foti PV, Inì C, Travali M, Farina R, Palmucci S, Spatola C, et al. MR imaging–pathologic correlation of uveal melanomas undergoing secondary enucleation after proton beam radiotherapy. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(9):4310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fabian ID, Tomkins-Netzer O, Stoker I, Arora AK, Sagoo MS, Cohen VM. Secondary enucleations for uveal melanoma: A 7-year retrospective analysis. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015;160(6):1104–1110.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.08.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fabian ID, Tomkins-Netzer O, Stoker I, Arora AK, Sagoo MS, Cohen VM. Secondary enucleations for uveal melanoma: A 7-year retrospective analysis. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015;160(6):1104–1110.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.08.034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banou L, Tsani Z, Arvanitogiannis K, Pavlaki M, Dastiridou A, Androudi S. Radiotherapy in uveal melanoma: A review of ocular complications. Current Oncology. 2023;30(7):6374–6396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30070470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banou L, Tsani Z, Arvanitogiannis K, Pavlaki M, Dastiridou A, Androudi S. Radiotherapy in uveal melanoma: A review of ocular complications. Current Oncology. 2023;30(7):6374–6396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30070470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horgan N, Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Shields JA. Classification and treatment of radiation maculopathy. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2010;21(3):233–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283386687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horgan N, Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Shields JA. Classification and treatment of radiation maculopathy. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2010;21(3):233–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283386687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong AJ, Schefler AC, Teh BS. Overview of late complications of radiation therapy in uveal melanoma. Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2023;12(3):29–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/cco-22-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong AJ, Schefler AC, Teh BS. Overview of late complications of radiation therapy in uveal melanoma. Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2023;12(3):29–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/cco-22-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panova IE, Bikhovsky AA, Samkovich EV, Svistunova EM. Glucocorticosteroids and postradiation macular edema: Rationale for choice of therapy and efficacy of use. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2024;21(3):533–539. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2024-3-533-539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panova IE, Bikhovsky AA, Samkovich EV, Svistunova EM. Glucocorticosteroids and postradiation macular edema: Rationale for choice of therapy and efficacy of use. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2024;21(3):533–539. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2024-3-533-539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bykhovsky AA, Panova IE, Samkovich EV. Post-radiation macular edema after brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma (Ru/Rh106): Risk factors and correction possibilities. P. A. Herzen Journal of Oncology. 2023; 12(6):19–23. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/onkolog20231206119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bykhovsky AA, Panova IE, Samkovich EV. Post-radiation macular edema after brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma (Ru/Rh106): Risk factors and correction possibilities. P. A. Herzen Journal of Oncology. 2023; 12(6):19–23. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/onkolog20231206119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomkins-Netzer O, Lightman S, Drye L, Kempen J, Holland GN, Rao NA, et al.; Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment Trial Research Group. Outcome of treatment of uveitic macular edema: The multicenter uveitis steroid treatment trial 2-year results. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2351–2359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomkins-Netzer O, Lightman S, Drye L, Kempen J, Holland GN, Rao NA, et al.; Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment Trial Research Group. Outcome of treatment of uveitic macular edema: The multicenter uveitis steroid treatment trial 2-year results. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2351–2359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kline LB, Kim JY, Ceballos R. Radiation optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 1985;92(8):1118–1126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33898-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kline LB, Kim JY, Ceballos R. Radiation optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 1985;92(8):1118–1126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33898-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beykin G, Pe’er J, Hemo Y, Frenkel S, Chowers I. Pars plana vitrectomy to repair retinal detachment following brachytherapy for uveal melanoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013;97(12):1534–1537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beykin G, Pe’er J, Hemo Y, Frenkel S, Chowers I. Pars plana vitrectomy to repair retinal detachment following brachytherapy for uveal melanoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013;97(12):1534–1537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
