Введение

urmj

Уральский медицинский журнал

Ural Medical Journal

2949-4389

Ural State Medical University

10.52420/umj.24.5.82

UZMSFK

urmj-1973

Research Article

Литературные обзоры | Literature reviews

Literature reviews

Современные представления о факторах риска, патогенезе и профилактике внутрижелудочковых кровоизлияний

Current Understanding of Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Prevention of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Newborns

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4268-416X

Гладких

Е. С.

Gladkih

E. S.

Гладких Екатерина Сергеевна — аспирант кафедры педиатрии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования.

Чита

Ekaterina S. Gladkih — Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education, Chita State Medical Academy.

Chita

ekaterina.gladkikh96@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-7612

Щербак

В. А.

Shcherbak

V. A.

Щербак Владимир Александрович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования.

Чита

Vladimir A. Shcherbak — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education, Chita State Medical Academy.

Chita

shcherbak2001@mail.ru

Читинская государственная медицинская академияРоссияChita State Medical AcademyRussian Federation

2025

02112025

245

82–97

2025

Гладких Е.С., Щербак В.А.

Gladkih E.S., Shcherbak V.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/1973

Введение

Введение. Внутрижелудочковое кровоизлияние (ВЖК) на современном этапе развития медицины остается патологией с высоким уровнем летальности и инвалидизации недоношенных новорожденных. В связи с этим выявление факторов риска развития, разработка системы профилактики, диагностики и лечения ВЖК не только медицинская, но и социально-экономическая задача.

Цель работы — анализ и обобщение новых научных данных о факторах риска, патогенезе и профилактике ВЖК у новорожденных детей.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Выполнен поиск и анализ научных работ с использованием баз данных PubMed, Cochrane Library, РИНЦ. Подбор статей проведен с использованием терминов: intraventricular hemorrhage, premature newborns, risk factors, pathogenesis, prevention. В обзор включено 78 источников, опубликованных за период с 2014 по 2025 г.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. В статье представлены обобщенные данные об этиологических и патогенетических механизмах развития ВЖК у недоношенных новорожденных. Последствия перенесенного ВЖК определяют необходимость разработки эффективной и безопасной стратегии профилактики этой патологии в целях снижения частоты тяжелых форм и предотвращения возможных осложнений.

Заключение

Заключение. ВЖК — это состояние, возникающее вследствие особенностей строения незрелого герминативного матрикса у недоношенных новорожденных. Нетравматическое ВЖК является полиэтиологичным заболеванием, основными факторами риска которого являются внутриутробные инфекции, отслойка плаценты, затяжные роды через естественные родовые пути, асфиксия и гипоксия новорожденного, колебания артериального давления, сопутствующие заболевания новорожденных. При проведении профилактических мероприятий важен мультидисциплинарный подход. Профилактика должна быть направлена в первую очередь на уменьшение числа преждевременных родов, а также применение глюкокортикостероидов во время беременности. Для предотвращения асфиксии в родах важно своевременное оперативное родоразрешение. После рождения ребенка необходимо соблюдение лечебно-охранительного режима и адекватное назначение респираторной поддержки и лекарственных средств.

Introduction

Introduction. At the current stage of medical development, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a pathology with a high mortality rate and disability of premature newborns. Therefore, the identification of risk factors for the development of IVH, the development of therapeutic and preventive measures is an important medical and socio-economic task.

Objective — analysis and generalization of new scientific data on risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention of IVH in newborns.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A search and analysis of scientific papers was performed using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, RSCI. The selection of articles was carried out using the terms: intraventricular hemorrhage, premature newborns, risk factors, pathogenesis, prevention. The review includes 78 sources published from 2014 to 2025. Results and discussion. The article presents data on the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of IVH in newborns. The consequences of IVH determine the need to develop effective prevention of this pathology in order to reduce morbidity and prevent complications.

Conclusion

Conclusion. IVH is a condition that has arisen due to the structural features of the germ matrix in newborns. This is a disease, the risk factors for which are: intrauterine infections, placental abruption, prolonged labor, concomitant diseases of newborns. A multidisciplinary approach is important in prevention. Prevention should be aimed at reducing the number of premature births, the use of glucocorticosteroids during pregnancy. Timely surgical delivery is important to prevent asphyxia. After the birth of a child, it is necessary to follow a medical regime and adequately prescribe respiratory support and medications.

внутрижелудочковое кровоизлияниенедоношенные новорожденныефакторы рискапатогенезпрофилактика

intraventricular hemorrhagepremature newbornsrisk factorspathogenesisprevention

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.