urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.24.6.136QHQSIVurmj-2025Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsХирургическое лечение детей с ишемическими деформациями проксимального отдела и головки бедра (литературный обзор)Surgical Treatment of Children with Ischemic Deformities of the Proximal Femur and Head of the Hip (Literature Review)https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9213-7287АкимоваА. В.AkimovaA. V.

Алина Викторовна Акимова – аспирант, травматолог-ортопед травматолого-ортопедического отделения № 11

Курган

Alina V. Akimova – Postgraduate Student, Traumatologist-Orthopedist of the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department № 11

Kurgan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-5192ТепленькийМ. П.TeplenkiyM. P.

Михаил Павлович Тепленький – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий

Курган

Mikhael P. Teplenkiy – Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department№ 11

Kurgan

teplenkiymp@mail.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г. А. ИлизароваРоссияNational Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and OrtopaedicsRussian Federation202523122025246136–156Copyright © Акимова А.В., Тепленький М.П., 20252025Акимова А.В., Тепленький М.П.Akimova A.V., Teplenkiy M.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2025Введение

Введение. Дистрофические изменения различной этиологии в проксимальном отделе бедренной кости, вызванные локальной ишемией, сопровождаются частичным или полным разрушением зоны роста, что приводит к ее преждевременному блокированию и формированию сложных специфических деформаций. Своевременное восстановление измененных анатомо-морфологических суставных соотношений или их максимально возможная компенсация, улучшение биомеханических условий функционирования тазобедренного сустава могут отсрочить начало коксартроза или замедлить его прогрессирование. В статье представлена проблема ишемических деформаций проксимального отдела и головки бедра, проанализированы иностранные и отечественные источники литературы, отражены основные вопросы этиологии и патогенеза ишемических деформаций, представлены известные классификации, методы обследования и хирургические техники лечения.

Цель обзора – анализ отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников: уточнение этиологии, патогенеза, основных классификаций, клинических проявлений, методов диагностики и вариантов хирургического лечения.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Поиск материала проводился в открытых литературных источниках: eLibrary.ru, PubMed, Google Scholar (1969–2025).

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Формирование деформаций проксимального отдела и головки бедренной кости способствует раннему развитию коксартроза у пациентов молодого возраста и детей. Существующие вне- и внутрисуставные методики оперативного лечения пациентов с ишемическими деформациями проксимального отдела бедра направлены на восстановление геометрии проксимального отдела бедренной кости и профилактику раннего эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава.

Заключение

Заключение. В настоящий момент единый стандарт хирургического лечения детей с ишемическими деформациями проксимального отдела и головки бедра отсутствует.

Introduction

Introduction. Local ischemia of the proximal femur leads to partial or complete destruction of the growth zone. When the proximal growth plate is blocked, complex specific deformities develop in the proximal femur. Restoration of altered anatomical and morphological relationships of the hip joint and improvement of biomechanical conditions of the hip joint functioning make it possible to delay the onset of coxarthrosis or slow its progression. This article presents an analysis of foreign and domestic literature. It shows the main problems of the etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic deformations and presents all-known classifications, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment techniques.

Purpose of the review is analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources: clarification of etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment options.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The search for material was conducted in open literary sources: eLibrary.ru, PubMed, Google Scholar (1969–2025).

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. Deformations of the proximal femur and femoral head contribute to the early development of coxarthrosis in young patients and children. Extra-articular and intra-articular surgical techniques for the treatment of patients with ischemic deformities of the proximal femur are aimed at restoring the geometry of the proximal femur and preventing early hip artroplasty.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Currently, there is no single standard for surgical treatment of children with ischemic deformities of the proximal femur and head.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.