urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.24.6.19VHGFDYurmj-2027Research ArticleОригинальные статьи | Original articlesOriginal articlesСовершенствование деятельности судебно-медицинского эксперта при осмотре места происшествия на основе цифровых технологийThe Improvement of the Activities of Forensic Experts During the Examination of the Crime Scene Based on Digital Technologieshttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2314-1176ОстанинД. В.OstaninD. V.

Дмитрий Валерьевич Останин – ординатор кафедры патологической анатомии и судебной медицины, институт клинической медицины; судебно-медицинский эксперт

Екатеринбург

Dmitry V. Ostanin – Resident of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Instituteof Clinical Medicine; Forensic Medical Expert

Ekaterinburg

ostanindmitry@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-1546ДолговаО. Б.DolgovaO. B.

Оксана Борисовна Долгова – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии и судебной медицины, институт клинической медицины; судебно-медицинский эксперт

Екатеринбург

Oksana B. Dolgova – Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Forensic Medical Expert

Ekaterinburg

obdolgova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-7618НожкинаН. В.NozhkinaN. V.

Наталья Владимировна Ножкина – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры общественного здоровья и здравоохранения, институт профилактической медицины

Екатеринбург

Natalia V. Nozhkina – Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Public Health andHealthcare, Institute of Preventive Medicine

Ekaterinburg

nojkina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-6409-3620ЛоктионовК. П.LoktionovK. P.

Кирилл Петрович Локтионов – студент института клинической медицины

Екатеринбург

Kirill P. Loktionov – Specialist’s Degree Student of the Institute of Clinical Medicine

Ekaterinburg

loktionov.kirya@gmail.comУральский государственный медицинский университет; Бюро судебно‑медицинской экспертизыРоссияUral State Medical University; Bureau of Forensic Medical ExaminationRussian FederationУральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20252312202524619–29Copyright © Останин Д.В., Долгова О.Б., Ножкина Н.В., Локтионов К.П., 20252025Останин Д.В., Долгова О.Б., Ножкина Н.В., Локтионов К.П.Ostanin D.V., Dolgova O.B., Nozhkina N.V., Loktionov K.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2027Введение

Введение. Статья посвящена анализу качественной составляющей осмотра трупа на месте его обнаружения. Осмотр места происшествия при наличии погибших – раздел судебной медицины, имеющий важное значение при проведении следственных действий для раскрытия преступлений, позволяющий предварительно установить причину смерти, наличие и характер повреждений. В представленной работе анализируются ключевые аспекты деятельности судебно-медицинского специалиста в ходе осмотра места происшествия. Особое внимание уделяется соблюдению требований законодательных актов, а также практическому применению исследовательских методик, направленных на получение достоверных данных для формирования экспертного заключения.

Цель работы – провести оценку эффективности работы судебно-медицинского эксперта в процессе осмотра места происшествия с применением цифровых инструментов, опираясь на действующие нормативно-правовые акты в сфере экспертной деятельности, с целью выработать меры по усовершенствованию экспертной практики.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проанализировано 108 протоколов осмотра мест происшествия в период с 2017 по 2025 г. в Свердловской области и других субъектах России, по которым в 45 случаях выполнена оценка качества экспертной деятельности на основе базовой версии цифровой технологии (до 1 сентября 2024 г.), 63 – модифицированной версии цифровой технологии.

Результаты

Результаты. Сравнительный анализ деятельности судебно-медицинских экспертов в группах – I (2017–2024) и II (2024–2025) – показал, что качество осмотров трупов на местах происшествий повысилось в связи с изменением нормативно-правовой регуляции экспертной деятельности на уровне России: показатель необходимого количества манипуляций увеличен в 3 и более раз, коэффициент качества выполнения и описания методик в среднем возрос на 37 %. Сформулированы практические рекомендации по оптимизации процесса осмотра трупа на месте обнаружения путем использования системы контроля качества осмотра.

This article analyzes qualitative aspects of postmortem examination at crime scenes. Investigating deaths is a critical part of forensic medicine, aiding in determining the cause of death and assessing injuries. The study explores key elements of forensic experts’ work during scene investigations, focusing on legal compliance and practical methods to ensure reliable forensic reports.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of forensic medical experts’ work during crime scene investigations utilizing digital tools, in compliance with current regulatory legal acts governing expert practice, with the aim of developing measures to enhance forensic procedures.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. 108 protocols of crime scene examinations conducted from 2017 to 2025 in the Sverdlovsk Region and other subjects of the Russia were analyzed, of which 45 cases involved an assessment of the quality of expert activities based on the basic version of digital technology (up to 1 September 2024), and 63 cases used a modified version of digital technology.

Results

Results. A comparative analysis of the activities of forensic medical experts in group I (2017–2024) and group II (2024–2025) showed that the quality of on-site corpse examinations has improved due to changes in the regulatory framework for expert activities at the level of the Russia: the indicator of the required number of manipulations has increased 3‑fold or more, and the coefficient for the quality of performance and description of methods has increased by an average of 37 %. Practical recommendations have been formulated for optimizing the process of examining a corpse at the discovery site through the use of a quality control system for the examination.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.