urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.24.6.103FEROTOurmj-2035Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsРоль генного полиморфизма коморбидной патологии в формировании осложнений при травмах костей нижних конечностейThe Role of Gene Polymorphism of Comorbid Pathology in the Formation of Complications in Lower Limb Bone Injuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-1280СавгачевВ. В.SavgachevV. V.

Виталий Владимирович Савгачев – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры травматологии и ортопедии

Ярославль

Vitaly V. Savgachev – Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Yaroslavl

hirurg2288@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-7731ШубинЛ. Б.ShubinL. B.

Леонид Борисович Шубин – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общественного здоровья и здравоохранения

Ярославль

Leonid B. Shubin – Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Health and Healthcare

Yaroslavl

LBSH@yandex.ruЯрославский государственный медицинский университетРоссияYaroslavl State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202523122025246103–119Copyright © Савгачев В.В., Шубин Л.Б., 20252025Савгачев В.В., Шубин Л.Б.Savgachev V.V., Shubin L.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2035

Причины и виды осложнений в травматологии и ортопедии после консервативного и хирургического лечения при наличии коморбидной патологии всегда привлекают к себе внимание специалистов. Таким образом, поставлена цель – проанализировать и систематизировать данные современной литературы о влиянии полиморфизма генов и сопутствующей патологии на развитие осложнений при лечении травм костей нижних конечностей. В ходе обзора определено, что осложнения в травматологии обусловлены как методами лечения, так и наличием у пациентов коморбидных состояний. Установлено, что полиморфизм определенных генов может оказывать влияние на процесс заживления переломов и общее течение посттравматического периода. В работе выделены гены, ассоциированные с нарушениями соединительной ткани, в т. ч. Коллагенопатиями и ревматическими заболеваниями, такие как HLA-DR4, HLA-DRB1, COL1A1 и COL1A2. Также рассмотрены генетические маркеры, связанные с риском развития сахарного диабета 1-го типа (SOD2, GAD1), артериальной гипертензии (GRK, PLCG2), нарушений метаболизма витамина D (VDR, GC, CYP27B1) и тромбоэмболических осложнений (FGB). Несмотря на выявление множества генов, потенциально влияющих на возникновение осложнений, мы пришли к выводу, что в настоящее время убедительные доказательства существования закономерной генетической предрасположенности отсутствуют, что требует дальнейших глубоких исследований в этом направлении.

The causes and types of complications in traumatology and orthopedics following conservative and surgical treatment in patients with comorbid pathology consistently attract the attention of specialists in this field. Therefore, the objective was set – to analyze and systematize data from contemporary literature on the influence of gene polymorphism and comorbid pathology on the development of complications during the treatment of lower limb bone injuries. During the review, it was determined that complications in traumatology are determined by both treatment methods and the presence of comorbid conditions in patients. It has been established that the polymorphism of certain genes can have a significant impact on the fracture healing process and the overall course of the post-traumatic period. The study identifies genes associated with connective tissue disorders, including collagenopathies and rheumatic diseases, such as HLA-DR4, HLA-DRB1, COL1A1, and COL1A2. Also discussed are genetic markers linked to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (SOD2, GAD1), arterial hypertension (GRK, PLCG2), disorders of vitamin D metabolism (VDR, GC, CYP27B1), and thromboembolic complications (FGB). Despite identifying numerous genes that could potentially influence the occurrence of complications, we concluded that to date, there is no convincing evidence of a consistent genetic predisposition, which necessitates further in-depth research in this area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.