urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.25.2.92TLDKHDurmj-2160Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsНекодирующие РНК и иные эпигенетические маркеры в молекулярной диагностике и прогнозировании рака шейки маткиNon-coding RNAs and Other Epigenetic Markers of Cervical Carcinogenesis: New Horizons in Molecular Diagnostics and Prediction of Cervical Cancerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-9259СычуговА. Г.SychugovA. G.

Александр Глебович Сычугов    — заведующий лабораторией патоморфологии и цитодиагностики

Екатеринбург

Alexander G. Sychugov  — Head of the Laboratory of Pathomorphology and Cytodiagnostics

Ekaterinburg

sychugovsag@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-7981СемёновЮ. А.SemenovYu. A.

Юрий Алексеевич Семёнов — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, ректор

Екатеринбург

Yuri A. Semenov — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor

Ekaterinburg

u-sirius@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-3421КазачковЕ. Л.KazachkovE. L.

Евгений Леонидович Казачков — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии и судебной медицины имени профессора В. Л. Коваленко, Южно‑Уральский государственный медицинский университет; патологоанатом, патологоанатомическое отделение № 2, Челябинское областное патологоанатомическое бюро

Челябинск

Evgeny L. Kazachkov — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine named after Professor V. L. Kovalenko, South Ural State Medical University; Pathologist, Pathology Department No. 2, Chelyabinsk Regional Pathological Anatomy Bureau

Chelyabinsk

doctorkel@yandex.ruБойкоИ. В.BoykoI. V.

Ирина Валерьевна Бойко — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий консультативно‑диагностическим отделением

Челябинск

Irina V. Boyko — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Consultative and Diagnostic Department

Chelyabinsk

Irina_boiko_70@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-6944СычуговГ. В.SychugovG. V.

Глеб Вячеславович Сычугов — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии и судебной медицины имени профессора В. Л. Коваленко, Южно‑Уральский государственный медицинский университет; заместитель главного врача, Челябинское областное патологоанатомическое бюро

Челябинск

Gleb V. Sychugov — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Patholog‑ ical Anatomy and Forensic Medicine named after Professor V. L. Kovalenko, South Ural State Medical University; Deputy Chief Physician, Chelyabinsk Regional Pathological Anatomy Bureau

Chelyabinsk

docsgv@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-3556-9764ШерстобитовА. В.SherstobitovA. V.

Алексей Васильевич Шерстобитов — исполняющий обязанности директора

Екатеринбург

Alexey V. Sherstobitov — Acting Director

Ekaterinburg

arno1980@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-7058КазачковаЭ. А.KazachkovaE. A.

Элла Алексеевна Казачкова — доктор медицинский наук, профессор, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии

Челябинск

Ella A. Kazachkova — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Chelyabinsk

kazachkovaea@yandex.ruУральский научно‑исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчестваРоссияUral Research Institute for Maternal and Child CareRussian FederationУральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian FederationЮжно‑Уральский государственный медицинский университет; Челябинское областное патологоанатомическое бюроРоссияSouth Ural State Medical University; Chelyabinsk Regional Pathological Anatomy BureauRussian FederationОбластной перинатальный центрРоссияRegional Perinatal CenterRussian FederationЮжно‑Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияSouth Ural State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20262604202625292–110Copyright © Сычугов А.Г., Семёнов Ю.А., Казачков Е.Л., Бойко И.В., Сычугов Г.В., Шерстобитов А.В., Казачкова Э.А., 20262026Сычугов А.Г., Семёнов Ю.А., Казачков Е.Л., Бойко И.В., Сычугов Г.В., Шерстобитов А.В., Казачкова Э.А.Sychugov A.G., Semenov Y.A., Kazachkov E.L., Boyko I.V., Sychugov G.V., Sherstobitov A.V., Kazachkova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2160Введение

Введение. На современном этапе развития медицинской науки рак шейки матки (РШМ) остается важнейшей проблемой онкогинекологии. Поиск новых молекулярных биомаркеров для прогноза возникновения и ранней диагностики РШМ является актуальной задачей. В свете изложенного особый интерес представляют микроРНК и циркулярные (кольцевые) РНК (циркРНК).

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен аналитический обзор современных научных публикаций (за последние 10 лет) из баз данных PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary.ru и Google Scholar, посвященных роли микроРНК и циркРНК в патогенезе, диагностике и прогнозе возникновения цервикальной интраэпителиальной неоплазии (ЦИН) и РШМ.

Результаты

Результаты. Обобщены литературные данные о характерных паттернах дерегуляции микроРНК (гиперэкспрессия микроРНК-20a, циркРНК-21; гипоэкспрессия микроРНК-23b, микроРНК-135a, микроРНК-145) на различных этапах цервикального канцерогенеза, ассоциированных с онкогенезом, индуцированным вирусом папилломы человека. Упорядочены опубликованные сведения о ключевых осях регуляторных сетей «циркРНК — микроРНК — мРНК», опосредующих основные онкогенные процессы. Приведены литературные данные о диагностическом и прогностическом потенциале панелей микроРНК (например, микроРНК-20a, микроРНК, микроРНК-23b) как в тканевых образцах, так и материале жидкостной цитологии.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Результаты обзора демонстрируют эволюцию исследований от изучения отдельных молекул-биомаркеров к системному анализу целостных регуляторных комплексов. Комбинация анализа микроРНК, циркРНК и эпигенетических маркеров (метилирование ДНК) в рамках интегративных алгоритмов представляется наиболее перспективным направлением для персонализации скрининга, диагностики и оценки прогноза при РШМ.

Introduction

Introduction. Currently, cervical cancer (CC) remains a critical issue in oncogynecology. The search for new molecular biomarkers for predicting the occurrence and early diagnosis of CC is an urgent task. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are of particular interest.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. An analytical review of contemporary scientific publications (from the last 10 years) from the databases PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary.ru, and Google Scholar has been conducted, focusing on the role of miRNAs and circRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC.

Results

Results. Literature data on characteristic patterns of miRNA dysregulation (hyperexpression of miRNA-20a, miRNA-21; hypoexpression of miRNA-23b, miRNA-135a, miRNA-145) at various stages of cervical carcinogenesis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced oncogenesis have been summarized. Published information on key axes of “circRNA-miRNA-mRNA” regulatory networks mediating essential oncogenic processes has been systematized. Literature data on the significant diagnostic and prognostic potential of miRNA panels (for example, miRNA-20a, miRNA-21, miRNA-23b) have been presented for both tissue samples and liquid cytology materials.

Discussion

Discussion. The review results demonstrate the evolution of research from studying individual biomarker molecules to a systemic analysis of integral regulatory complexes. The combination of miRNA, circRNA, and epigenetic markers (DNA methylation) analysis within integrative algorithms appears to be the most promising direction for personalizing screening, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment in CC.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.