urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.25.3.89LSOCMKurmj-2233Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsВлияние типа почвенной среды на изменения тканей трупа: история научного поискаThe Influence of Soil Environment Type on Postmortem Tissue Changes: A History of Scientific Inquiryhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2314-1176ОстанинД. В.OstaninD. V.

Дмитрий Валерьевич Останин — аспирант и ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии и судебной медицины, институт клинической медицины 

Екатеринбург 

Dmitry V. Ostanin — Postgraduate Student and Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine 

Ekaterinburg 

ostanindmitry@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-1546ДолговаО. Б.DolgovaO. B.

Оксана Борисовна Долгова — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии и судебной медицины, институт клинической медицины 

Екатеринбург 

Oksana B. Dolgova — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine 

Ekaterinburg 

obdolgova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-7835-6840ГариповР. Р.GaripovR. R.

Ростислав Русланович Гарипов — ординатор кафедры патологической анатомии и судебной медицины, институт клинической медицины

Екатеринбург  

Rostislav R. Garipov — Resident of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine 

Ekaterinburg 

lipidodon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7232-5473ЯкимоваЮ. Г.YakimovaYu. G.

Юлия Геннадьевна Якимова — ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии и судебной медицины, институт клинической медицины 

Екатеринбург 

Yulia G. Yakimova — Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine 

Ekaterinburg 

yakimova_juli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3260-6440НекрасоваО. А.NekrasovaO. A.

Ольга Анатольевна Некрасова — кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент департамента наук о Земле и космосе, институт естественных наук и математики 

Екатеринбург 

Olga A. Nekrasova — Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics 

Ekaterinburg 

o_nekr@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-0084УчаевА. П.UchaevA. P.

Антон Павлович Учаев — кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент департамента наук о Земле и космосе, институт естественных наук и математики 

Екатеринбург 

Anton P. Uchaev — Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics 

Ekaterinburg 

Anton.Uchaev@urfu.ruУральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian FederationУральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента Б. Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. YeltsinRussian Federation20260207202625389–106Copyright © Останин Д.В., Долгова О.Б., Гарипов Р.Р., Якимова Ю.Г., Некрасова О.А., Учаев А.П., 20262026Останин Д.В., Долгова О.Б., Гарипов Р.Р., Якимова Ю.Г., Некрасова О.А., Учаев А.П.Ostanin D.V., Dolgova O.B., Garipov R.R., Yakimova Y.G., Nekrasova O.A., Uchaev A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2233Введение

Введение. Изучение посмертных изменений биологических объектов играет ключевую роль в установлении давности смерти, что важно для правоохранительных органов. Однако точный метод определения позднего посмертного интервала отсутствует, и эта проблема остается дискуссионной в судебной медицине. На процессы разложения влияет множество взаимосвязанных факторов: внешние (температура, влажность, биотические факторы) и внутренние (особенности микробиома организма). Научное и практическое значение имеет изучение преобразований в различных типах почв, поскольку почва — сложная гетерогенная система, чьи свойства определяют скорость и направленность деструкции тканей. Описание характеристик почвы места происшествия критически важно для оценки посмертного периода. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью совершенствования методов установления давности захоронений и наступления смерти при условии нахождения трупа различных почвенных средах. Существующие методики, основанные на описании классических трупных явлений, часто представляют большой диапазон показателей из-за недостаточного учета влияния почвенного субстрата.

Цель работы — провести комплексный историко-научный анализ и систематизацию современных данных о влиянии различных типов почвенной среды на характер и динамику преобразований тканей трупа, а также выявить актуальные проблемы исследований посмертных изменений тканей.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический анализ публикаций в международных (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) и российских (eLibrary.ru, «КиберЛенинка») базах данных за период 1940–2025 гг. Включены оригинальные исследования, обзоры, метаанализы и монографии, посвященные посмертным изменениям в различных почвенных условиях.

Introduction

Introduction. Accurate determination of the late postmortem interval remains a challenge in forensics. Decomposition is driven by complex factors, with soil type being particularly critical as it dictates the rate and nature of tissue degradation. This study highlights the need to refine postmortem interval estimation methods by better accounting for the specific soil environment, as current techniques often produce unreliable results due to insufficient consideration of the soil substrate.

The purpose of the work is to conduct a comprehensive historical and scientific analysis and systematization of current data on the impact of different soil environments on the nature and dynamics of postmortem tissue changes, as well as to identify current challenges in research on postmortem transformations of tissues.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A systematic review of publications from international (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and Russian (eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka) databases covering the period from 1940 to 2025 was conducted. The analysis included original studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and monographs addressing postmortem changes in various soil conditions. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.