urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.25.3.148STLYYYurmj-2236Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsЦиркадная система, ожирение и сердце: молекулярные основы патогенетического взаимодействияCircadian System, Obesity and the Heart: Molecular Basis of Pathogenetic Interactionhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-0992-1372ВасильковаГ. А.VasilkovaG. A.

Галина Андреевна Василькова — ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии

Тюмень 

Galina A. Vasilkova — Assistant of the Department of Faculty Therapy  

Tyumen 

galya.vasilkova.94@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-1745ПетровИ. М.PetrovI. M.

Иван Михайлович Петров — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, ректор

Тюмень 

Ivan M. Petrov — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Rector

Tyumen 

petrov@tyumsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-6630ВасильковаТ. Н.VasilkovaT. N.

Татьяна Николаевна Василькова — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии, проректор по образовательной деятельности 

Тюмень 

Tatiana N. Vasilkova — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Ther‑ apy, Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs 

Tyumen 

vasilkova@tyumsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-9574-0649НедбайлоС. А.NedbayloS. A.

София Александровна Недбайло — ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии, клинический ординатор 

Тюмень 

Sofia A. Nedbaylo — Assistant of the Department of Faculty Therapy, Clinical Resident 

Tyumen 

snedbaylo4@gmail.comТюменский государственный медицинский университетРоссияTyumen State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202602072026253148–164Copyright © Василькова Г.А., Петров И.М., Василькова Т.Н., Недбайло С.А., 20262026Василькова Г.А., Петров И.М., Василькова Т.Н., Недбайло С.А.Vasilkova G.A., Petrov I.M., Vasilkova T.N., Nedbaylo S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2236Введение

Введение. Современные исследования все больше свидетельствуют о том, что нарушения сна и циркадных ритмов являются факторами риска развития кардиометаболических заболеваний и вегетативных расстройств. Индивидуальные особенности, питание, сменный график работы, сопутствующие заболевания являются источником нарушений циркадных ритмов (десинхронозов). Хронический десинхроноз способствует дерегуляции артериального давления, повышению уровня глюкозы, изменениям липидного профиля, а также развитию ожирения. Особое значение в этом процессе принадлежит изучению полиморфизмов так называемых часовых генов — CLOCK, BMAL1, PER и CRY, — которые предопределяют чувствительность организма к внешним факторам, нарушающим суточные ритмы. Понимание процессов циркадной регуляции на молекулярном, физиологическом и генетическом уровнях открывает новые возможности для разработки современных стратегий для профилактики и лечения.

Цель работы — проанализировать молекулярные механизмы, физиологические основы, а также генетические полиморфизмы циркадных ритмов и их взаимосвязь с кардиометаболическими нарушениями; выявить перспективы будущих исследований в области интеграции хронобиологического подхода.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический поиск литературы в электронных базах PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru. Анализировались оригинальные статьи и обзоры за период 2018– 2026 гг., а также основополагающие работы более раннего периода. Поиск осуществлялся по ключевым словам. 

Introduction

Introduction. Current research increasingly indicates that sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic diseases and autonomic disorders. Individual characteristics, nutrition, shift work, and concomitant diseases are sources of circadian rhythm disruption (desynchronosis). Chronic desyn chronosis contributes to dysregulation of blood pressure, elevated glucose levels, alterations in lipid profile, as well as the development of obesity. Of particular importance in this process is the study of polymorphisms of the so-called clock genes — CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY — which determine the organism’s sensitivity to external factors that disrupt circadian rhythms. Understanding the processes of circadian regulation at the molecular, physiological, and genetic levels opens up new possibilities for the development of modern strategies for prevention and treatment.

Aim is to analyze the molecular mechanisms, physiological foundations, and key genetic polymorphisms of circadian rhythms, as well as their relationship with cardiometabolic disorders; to identify future research perspectives in the integration of the chronobiological approach.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary.ru. Original articles and reviews published between 2018 and 2026 were analyzed, along with seminal works from earlier periods. The search was performed using relevant keywords. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.