urmjУральский медицинский журналUral Medical Journal2949-4389Ural State Medical University10.52420/umj.25.4.175FPSXQBurmj-2299Research ArticleЛитературные обзоры | Literature reviewsLiterature reviewsОсновы патофизиологии гипогонадотропной аменореи: обзор литературыPathophysiology Fundamentals Of Hypogonadotropic Amenorrhea: A Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7666-0076ЛаврентьеваИ. В.LavrentievaI. V.

Инна Вадимовна Лаврентьева – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом медицинской генетики, институт педиатрии и репродуктивной медицины

Екатеринбург

Inna V. Lavrentieva – Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics and Reproductive Medicine

Ekaterinburg

lavr6607@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-4528ПрохороваО. В.ProkhorovaO. V.

Ольга Валентиновна Прохорова – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом медицинской генетики, институт педиатрии и репродуктивной медицины

Екатеринбург

Olga V. Prokhorova – Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics and Reproductive Medicine

Ekaterinburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-0552МиляеваН. М.MilyaevaN. M.

Наталья Маратовна Миляева – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом медицинской генетики, институт педиатрии и репродуктивной медицины

Екатеринбург

Natalia M. Milyaeva – Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics and Reproductive Medicine

Ekaterinburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-7896ОбоскаловаТ. А.OboskalovaT. A.

Татьяна Анатольевна Обоскалова – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии с курсом медицинской генетики, институт педиатрии и репродуктивной медицины

Екатеринбург

Tatyana A. Oboskalova – Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics and Reproductive Medicine

 Ekaterinburg

Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202618082026254175–191Copyright © Лаврентьева И.В., Прохорова О.В., Миляева Н.М., Обоскалова Т.А., 20262026Лаврентьева И.В., Прохорова О.В., Миляева Н.М., Обоскалова Т.А.Lavrentieva I.V., Prokhorova O.V., Milyaeva N.M., Oboskalova T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/2299Введение 

Введение . Гипогонадотропная аменорея (ГА) является распространенной причиной отсутствия менструации у девочек-подростков и молодых женщин. В ее основе лежит нарушение нейроэндокринно-метаболического механизма, регулирующего репродуктивный цикл в женском организме, в связи со сложным сочетанным действием различных социальных, экологических, алиментарных и психологических факторов. Точные механизмы, лежащие в основе патофизиологии ГА и являющиеся базой для формирования долгосрочных последствий этой патологии, сложны, и их изучение продолжается.

Цель работы 

Цель работы . Проведение научного анализа отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, посвященных проблеме гипогонадотропной аменореи, на примере функциональной гипоталамической аменореи для обобщения современного понимания ее патофизиологических механизмов и обсуждения клинической значимости и потенциального практического применения этих открытий.

Материалы и методы 

Материалы и методы . Был проведен поиск и анализ научных публикаций в открытых электронных базах данных: PubMed, eLibrary.ru за период с 2015 по 2025 гг.

Результаты и обсуждение 

Результаты и обсуждение . Гипогонадотропная аменорея представляет собой сложную нейроэндокринную патологию с рядом серьезных последствий для здоровья женского организма, затрагивающих не только состояние репродуктивной системы, но и здоровье костно-мышечной, сердечно-сосудистой и центральной нервной систем, а также метаболизма организма подростка в целом.

Заключение 

Заключение . Глубокое понимание и анализ патогенетических механизмов развития и клинико-биологических последствий гипогонадотропной аменореи на примере функциональной гипоталамической аменореи имеет решающее значение для практикующего врача-гинеколога в аспекте предотвращения долгосрочных последствий гипоэстрогенемии для соматического и репродуктивного здоровья.

Background 

Background . Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea (HA) is a common cause of menstrual absence in adolescent girls and young women. It is based on a violation of the neuroendocrine-metabolic mechanism that regulates the reproductive cycle in the female body, due to the complex combined action of various social, environmental, nutritional and psychological factors. The exact mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of GA are complex, and their study is ongoing.

The aim of the study 

The aim of the study . Conducting a scientific analysis of domestic and foreign publications devoted to the problem of hypogonadotropic amenorrhea, using the example of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea to summarize the current understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms and discuss the clinical significance and potential practical application of these findings.

Materials and methods 

Materials and methods . A search and analysis of scientific publications in open electronic databases was carried out PubMed, eLibrary for the period from 2015 to 2025.

Results and discussion 

Results and discussion . Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea is a complex neuroendocrine pathology with a number of serious consequences for the health of the female body, affecting not only the state of the reproductive system, but also the health of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems, as well as the metabolism of the adolescent body as a whole.

Conclusion 

Conclusion . Deep understanding and analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of development and the clinical and biological consequences of hypogonadotropic amenorrhea using the example of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is crucial for a practicing gynecologist in terms of preventing long-term consequences for somatic and reproductive health.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.