Resume. The aim of the study was to study the structural organization of the liver and the ultrastructure of Kupffer cells in neonatal mice of two opposing lines of CBA and C57BI/6, who underwent chronic intrauterine hypoxia (CIUH). Materials and methods. One-day mice of the lines CBA and C57B1/6 were divided into four groups, 10 animals each: animals 1 (CBA) and 2 (C57B1/6) groups - mice bearing CIUH; animals 3rd (CBA) and 4th (C57B1/6) groups - mice of control groups. The effect of CIUH led to significant destructive changes in the liver parenchyma of one-day mice of both lines (CBA and C57Bl/6), more pronounced in C57B1/6 mice. The processes of reparative regeneration of liver parenchyma in C57Bl/6 mice transplanted with CIUH were less than in CBA mice and control mice and did not correspond to the scale of destructive changes in the liver parenchyma. In the Kupffer cells in C57Bl/6 mice transferred CIUH, a decrease in the protein-synthetic and energy functions of the Kupffer cells was detected, which was manifested by a decrease in the indicators characterizing the endoplasmic retikuluum, mitochondria, and demonstrates the state of desadaptation of the Kupfer cells. In the CBA mice that underwent CIUH, the Kupffer cells energy function was increased in relation to that in the control animals and characterizes the Kupfer cells compensation state in CIUH conditions.