<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2021-20-3-73-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование острой пероральной токсичности оловоорганических соединений, содержащих фрагмент 2,6-ди-трет-бутилфенола</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of acute oral toxicity of organotin compounds containing a 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-827X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Додохова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dodokhova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Додохова Маргарита Авдеевна, к.м.н., доцент</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita A. Dodokhova, MD, Associate Professor</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dodohova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-6186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафроненко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафроненко Андрей Владимирович, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аndrey V.Safronenko, PhD, Professor</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-9466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котиева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotieva</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котиева Инга Мовлиевна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga M. Kotieva, PhD, Professor</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-6550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Екатерина Федоровна, д.б.н.</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina F. Komarova, Ph.D. in biology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-6363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трепель</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trepel</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трепель Вартан Григорьевич, к.м.н.</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vartan G. Trepel, MD</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5123-5289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алхусейн-Кулягинова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhuseyn-Kulyaginova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алхусейн-Кулягинова Маргарита Стефановна</p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita S. Alkhuseyn-Kulyaginova</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-3382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпаковский</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpakovskiy</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпаковский Дмитрий Борисович, к.х.н.</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrij B. Shpakovskiy, Candidate of Chemical Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаева</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milaeva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милаева Елена Рудольфовна, д.х.н., профессор</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena R. Milaeva, Ph.D. in chemistry, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал ФГБУ «Информационно-методический центр по экспертизе, учету и анализу обращения средств медицинского применения» Росздравнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch of Informational and methodological center of expertise, accounting and analysis of medical products circulation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Додохова М.А., Сафроненко А.В., Котиева И.М., Комарова Е.Ф., Трепель В.Г., Алхусейн-Кулягинова М.С., Шпаковский Д.Б., Милаева Е.Р., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Додохова М.А., Сафроненко А.В., Котиева И.М., Комарова Е.Ф., Трепель В.Г., Алхусейн-Кулягинова М.С., Шпаковский Д.Б., Милаева Е.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dodokhova M.A., Safronenko A.V., Kotieva I.M., Komarova E.F., Trepel V.G., Alkhuseyn-Kulyaginova M.S., Shpakovskiy D.B., Milaeva E.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/833">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/833</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — оценка безопасности применения в качестве фармацевтических субстанций оловоорганических соединений, содержащих фрагмент 2,6-ди-трет-бутилфенола, при внутрижелудочном введении аутбредным крысам линии Wistar (самки). Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования явились три оловоорганических соединения: ((3,5-ди-трет-бутил-4-гидроксифенилтиолат) трифенилолова (Ме-5), (3,5-ди-трет-бутил-4-гидроксифенилтиолат) триметилолова (Ме-4), бис(3,5-ди-трет-бутил-4-гидроксифенилтиолат) диметилолова (Ме-3). Исследование острой токсичности проведено на 106 крысах Wistar (самки) весом 190-210 г методами «фиксированной дозы» и «вверх и вниз» по протоколам OECD. Результаты. Согласно гармонизированной системе классификации опасности и маркировки химической продукции (СГС), исследованные оловоорганические соединения следует отнести к следующим классам токсичности: Ме-5 — IV, Ме-3 — V, Ме-4 — II. Средне летальная доза при внутрижелудочном введении для Ме-5 LD50= 955.0 ± 58.3 мг/кг, значение LD50 для Ме3 условно принято много более 2000 мг/кг, для Ме-4 лежит в диапазоне от 5 до 50 мг/кг. Обсуждение. Модификация молекул оловоорганических соединений в ходе направленного синтеза открывает широкие перспективы для создания противоопухолевых препаратов нового класса. В ходе экспериментального исследования выявлены закономерности взаимосвязи «структура–токсичность» органических производных олова: ведение 2,6-ди-трет-бутилфенольной группы значительно снижает токсичность по сравнению с соответствующими исходными субстанциями; метильные производные более токсичны, чем их фенильные аналоги. Соединения IV и V класса токсичности по СГС могут рассматриваться как кандидаты-лидеры для перспективных доклинических исследований в области экспериментальной онкологии. Выводы. К дальнейшему исследованию в качестве противоопухолевых лекарственных агентов рекомендованы субстанции Ме-3 и Ме-5, обладающие наибольшей безопасностью при внутрижелудочном применении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of the use of organotin compounds containing a fragment of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol as pharmaceutical substances when administered intragastrically to Wistar outbred rats (females). Material and methods. The objects of the study were three organotin compounds: ((3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate) triphenyltin (Me-5), (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate)trimethyltin (Me-4), bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate) dimethyltin (Me-3). Acute toxicity study were performed on 106 Wistar rats (female) weighing 190-210 g by "fixed dose" and "up and down" methods according to the OECD protocols. Results. According to the harmonized system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products (GHS) the studied organotin compounds should be assigned to the following toxicity classes: Me-5 — IV, Me-3 — V, Me-4 — II. Average lethal dose in intragastric administration for Me-5 is LD50 = 955.0 ± 58.3 mg/kg, the value of LD50 for Me-3 is conventionally assumed to be much more than 2000 mg/kg, for Me-4 is in the range of 5 to 50 mg/kg. Discussion. The modification of tin-organic molecules in the course of directed synthesis opens broad prospects for the creation of a new class of anticancer drugs. In the course of the experimental study, the regularities of the "structure-toxicity" relationship of organic tin derivatives were revealed: the introduction of the 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol group significantly reduces toxicity compared to the corresponding initial substances; methyl derivatives are more toxic than their phenyl analogues. Compounds of GHS toxicity classes IV and V can be considered as leading candidates for promising preclinical studies in the field of experimental oncology. Conclusion. Substances of Me-3 and Me-5, which have the highest safety for intragastric use, were recommended for further study as antitumor drug agents.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оловоорганические соединения</kwd><kwd>острая токсичность</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевые лекарственные препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>organotin compounds</kwd><kwd>acute toxicity</kwd><kwd>preclinical studies</kwd><kwd>anticancer drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anti-cancer activity of di- and tri-organotin(IV) compounds with D-(+)-Galacturonic acid on human tumor cells / A. Attanzio, M. Ippolito, M. A. Girasolo [et al.] // Inorg Biochem. – 2018. – Vol. 188. – Р. 102-112. – Doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anti-cancer activity of di- and tri-organotin(IV) compounds with D-(+)-Galacturonic acid on human tumor cells / A. Attanzio, M. Ippolito, M. A. Girasolo [et al.] // Inorg Biochem. – 2018. – Vol. 188. – Р. 102-112. – Doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Structure-activity relationships of new Organotin(IV) anticancer agents and their cytotoxicity profile on HL-60, MCF-7 and HeLa human cancer cell lines / H. Ullah, V. Previtali, H. B. Mihigo [et al.] // Eur J Med Chem. – 2019. – Vol. 181. – Р. 111544. – Doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Structure-activity relationships of new Organotin(IV) anticancer agents and their cytotoxicity profile on HL-60, MCF-7 and HeLa human cancer cell lines / H. Ullah, V. Previtali, H. B. Mihigo [et al.] // Eur J Med Chem. – 2019. – Vol. 181. – Р. 111544. – Doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cytotoxic Activity of Organotin(IV) Derivatives with Triazolopyrimidine Containing Exocyclic Oxygen Atoms / A. Attanzio, S. D'Agostino, R. Busà [et al.] // Molecules. – 2020. – Vol. 25 (4). – Р. E859. – Doi: 10,3390/молекулы25040859.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cytotoxic Activity of Organotin(IV) Derivatives with Triazolopyrimidine Containing Exocyclic Oxygen Atoms / A. Attanzio, S. D'Agostino, R. Busà [et al.] // Molecules. – 2020. – Vol. 25 (4). – Р. E859. – Doi: 10,3390/молекулы25040859.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gielen, M. Organotin Compounds: From Kinetics to Stereochemistry and Antitumour Activities / M. Gielen, M. Biesemans, R. Willem // Appl Organomet Chem. – 2005. – Vol. 19 (4). – Р. 440-450. – Doi: 10.1002/aoc.771.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gielen, M. Organotin Compounds: From Kinetics to Stereochemistry and Antitumour Activities / M. Gielen, M. Biesemans, R. Willem // Appl Organomet Chem. – 2005. – Vol. 19 (4). – Р. 440-450. – Doi: 10.1002/aoc.771.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tin Chemistry Fundamentals, Frontiers, and Applications / A. G. Davies, M. Gielen, K. H. Pannell, E. R. T. Tiekink // Wiley. – 2008. – 752 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tin Chemistry Fundamentals, Frontiers, and Applications / A. G. Davies, M. Gielen, K. H. Pannell, E. R. T. Tiekink // Wiley. – 2008. – 752 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anti-proliferative and antitumor activity of organotin(IV) compounds. An overview of the last decade and future perspectives / C. N. Banti, S. K. Hadjikakou, T. Sismanoglu, N. Hadjiliadis // J Inorg Biochem. – 2019. – Vol. 194. – Р. 114-152. – Doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.02.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anti-proliferative and antitumor activity of organotin(IV) compounds. An overview of the last decade and future perspectives / C. N. Banti, S. K. Hadjikakou, T. Sismanoglu, N. Hadjiliadis // J Inorg Biochem. – 2019. – Vol. 194. – Р. 114-152. – Doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.02.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antioxidative vs cytotoxic activities of organotin complexes bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol moieties / T. A. Antonenko, D. B. Shpakovsky, M. A. Vorobyov [et al.] // Appl Organomet Chem. – 2018. – Vol. 32 (7). – Р. e4381. – Doi:10.1002/aoc.4381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antioxidative vs cytotoxic activities of organotin complexes bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol moieties / T. A. Antonenko, D. B. Shpakovsky, M. A. Vorobyov [et al.] // Appl Organomet Chem. – 2018. – Vol. 32 (7). – Р. e4381. – Doi:10.1002/aoc.4381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Synthesis, antiradical activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel organotin complexes based on 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol / D. B. Shpakovsky, C. N. Banti, E. M. Mukhatova [et al.] // Dalton Trans. – 2014. – Vol. 43 (18). – Р. 6880-90. – Doi: 10.1039/c3dt53469c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Synthesis, antiradical activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel organotin complexes based on 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol / D. B. Shpakovsky, C. N. Banti, E. M. Mukhatova [et al.] // Dalton Trans. – 2014. – Vol. 43 (18). – Р. 6880-90. – Doi: 10.1039/c3dt53469c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Some insight into the mode of cytotoxic action of organotin compounds with protective 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragments / E. R. Milaeva, D. B. Shpakovsky, Y. A. Gracheva [et al.] // J Organomet Chem. – 2015. – Vol. 782. – Р. 96-102. – Doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Some insight into the mode of cytotoxic action of organotin compounds with protective 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragments / E. R. Milaeva, D. B. Shpakovsky, Y. A. Gracheva [et al.] // J Organomet Chem. – 2015. – Vol. 782. – Р. 96-102. – Doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milaeva, E. R. Hybrid metal complexes with opposed biological modes of action – promising selective drug candidates / E. R. Milaeva, V. Yu. Tyurin // Pure and Applied Chemistry. – 2017. – Vol. 89 (8). – Р. 1065-1088. – Doi:10.1515/pac-2016-1130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milaeva, E. R. Hybrid metal complexes with opposed biological modes of action – promising selective drug candidates / E. R. Milaeva, V. Yu. Tyurin // Pure and Applied Chemistry. – 2017. – Vol. 89 (8). – Р. 1065-1088. – Doi:10.1515/pac-2016-1130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novel selective anticancer agents based on Sn and Au complexes. Mini-review / E. R. Milaeva, D. B. Shpakovsky, Yu A. Gracheva [et al.] // Pure and Applied Chemistry. – 2020. – Vol. 92 (8). – Р. 1201-1216. – Doi: 10.1515/pac-2019-1209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novel selective anticancer agents based on Sn and Au complexes. Mini-review / E. R. Milaeva, D. B. Shpakovsky, Yu A. Gracheva [et al.] // Pure and Applied Chemistry. – 2020. – Vol. 92 (8). – Р. 1201-1216. – Doi: 10.1515/pac-2019-1209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Protective effect of meso-tetrakis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin on the in vivo impact of trimethyltin chloride on the antioxidative defense system / E. R. Milaeva, V. Yu. Tyurin, Y. A. Gracheva [et al.] // Bioinorg Chem Appl. – 2006. – Vol. 2006. – Р. 64927. – Doi: 10.1155/BCA/2006/64927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protective effect of meso-tetrakis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin on the in vivo impact of trimethyltin chloride on the antioxidative defense system / E. R. Milaeva, V. Yu. Tyurin, Y. A. Gracheva [et al.] // Bioinorg Chem Appl. – 2006. – Vol. 2006. – Р. 64927. – Doi: 10.1155/BCA/2006/64927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals. Acute Oral Toxicity -Fixed Dose Procedure No. 420. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals. Acute Oral Toxicity -Fixed Dose Procedure No. 420. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD, Test No. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2008. – Doi:10.1787/9789264071049-en.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD, Test No. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2008. – Doi:10.1787/9789264071049-en.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прозоровский, В. Б. Практическое пособие по ускоренному определению средних эффективных доз и концентраций биологически активных веществ / Общество духовной и психической культуры. – Байкальск, 1994. – 46 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prozorovskiy, V. B. Practical guide for the accelerated determination of the average effective doses and concentrations of biologically active substances / Obshchestvo dukhovnoy i psikhicheskoy kul'tury. – Baykal'sk, 1994. – 46 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширяев, В. И. Оловоорганические соединения как инсектоакарициды // Агрохимия. – 2010 .– № 3. – С. 83-94</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiryaev, V. I. Organotin compounds as insectoacaricides / Agrokhimiya. – 2010. – № 3. – Р. 83-94 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
