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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2021-20-5-63-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-849</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пищевая аллергия и острые аллергические реакции: возможности диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Food allergies and acute allergic reactions: diagnostic options</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепешкова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepeshkova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Сергеевна Лепешкова — кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. Lepeshkova — MD</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levlpa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андронова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andronova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Андронова — врач аллерголог-иммунолог</p><p>Магнитогорск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Andronova — allergist-immunologist</p><p>Magnitogorsk</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andronova.elena_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МЦ «Семейный доктор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical center Family Doctor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лепешкова Т.С., Андронова Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лепешкова Т.С., Андронова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lepeshkova T.S., Andronova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/849">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/849</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Анафилаксия — это системная потенциально угрожающая жизни реакция гиперчувствительности, характеризующаяся быстрым началом, проявлениями со стороны дыхательных путей и/ или гемодинамики и обычно, но не всегда, сопровождающаяся изменениями со стороны кожи и слизистых оболочек [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Причиной развития острой генерализованной реакции при пищевой анафилаксии могут быть минимальные количества виновного продукта, попавшего пациенту в организм через рот или через кожу / слизистые оболочки. Как правило, сначала такие пациенты оказываются в поле зрения педиатра, смежного специалиста или врача скорой помощи. Поскольку симптомы пищевой анафилаксии зачастую рассматриваются врачами отдельно, то не вызывает должной настороженности ангиоотек и острая крапивница, которые сопровождаются ринореей, острым бронхоспазмом или ларингитом, развившиеся крайне быстро или моментально после контакта с аллергеном.</p><p>Цель работы — обоснование на примере клинического случая необходимости консультирования пациентов с пищевой анафилаксией врачом аллергологом-иммунологом для решения вопроса о проведении компонентной аллергодиагностики и разработки индивидуальной элиминационной диеты с учетом профиля сенсибилизации пациента.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Клиническое наблюдение ребенка (мальчик, возраст 12 мес.) с симптомами атопического дерматита и эпизодами пищевой анафилаксии в анамнезе; проведены общеклинические исследования и аллергологическое обследование пациента методом компонентной аллергодиагностики.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты.. Установлена сенсибилизация к овальбумину (Gald 2 -16,60 kU/l) и овомукоиду (Gald 1-9,01 kU/l). Выявленная сенсибилизации является предиктором тяжелых системных аллергических реакций на яйца.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Проведенная по назначению врача-аллерголога компонентная диагностика не только подтверждает причинно-значимый аллерген, но и оценивает риски развития острых реакций при случайном попадании аллергена ребенку и сроки формирования толерантности у пациента. Данная сенсибилизация долгие годы будет причиной появления внезапных системных аллергических реакций.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Специалисту важно вовремя заподозрить пищевую анафилаксию, дифференцировать ее от других неотложных и экстренных состояний, дать пациенту рекомендации о необходимости консультации врачом аллергологом-иммунологом. Только вдумчивый всесторонний врачебный подход к каждому острому состоянию у ребенка существенно уменьшит риски развития повторных эпизодов пищевой анафилаксии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Anaphylaxis is a systemic potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction featuring the rapid onset, manifestations of the respiratory tract and/or hemodynamics and usually, but not always, accompanied by changes in the skin and mucous membranes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. The cause of developing an acute generalized reaction in food anaphylaxis may be the minimum culprit product amount that has entered the patient's body through the mouth or through the skin/mucous membranes. Patients like these are, as a rule, first seen by a paediatrician, a related specialist, or a paramedic. Since the doctors often consider the symptoms of foodborne anaphylaxis separately, the latter does not cause proper suspicion: angioedema and/or acute urticaria accompanying rhinorrhea, acute bronchospasm or laryngitis developed extremely quickly or immediately after contact with an allergen.</p><p>The aim of the work was to acquaint paediatricians and doctors of related specialties with the food anaphylaxis symptoms, to justify the need for an allergologist-immunologist to consult these patients in order to resolve the issue of required component-resolved diagnosis of allergy and development of an individual elimination diet, taking into account the patient's sensitization profile.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Clinical observation of a child (boy, age — 12 months) with symptoms of atopic dermatitis and episodes of food anaphylaxis in the anamnesis; general clinical examination and allergological examination of the patient by component allergodiagnostics were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Sensitization to ovalbumin (Gald 2 -16.60 kU/l) and ovomucoid (Gald 1-9.01 kU/l) was established. The detected sensitization is a predictor of severe systemic allergic reactions to eggs.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Component diagnostics performed as prescribed by an allergologist not only confirms the causative allergen, but also evaluates the risks of developing acute reactions if the allergen is accidentally introduced to the child and the timing of the patient's tolerance formation. This sensitization will cause sudden systemic allergic reactions for years to come.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It is important for a specialist to timely suspect food anaphylaxis, differentiate it from other emergency and urgent conditions, and give the patient the correct recommendations on the need for consultation with an allergologist-immunologist. Only a thoughtful, comprehensive medical approach to each acute condition in a child will significantly reduce the risk of repeated episodes of food anaphylaxis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пищевая анафилаксия</kwd><kwd>неотложная помощь</kwd><kwd>молекулярная аллергодиагностика</kwd><kwd>профилактика анафилаксии</kwd><kwd>пищевые аллергены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>food anaphylaxis</kwd><kwd>emergency care</kwd><kwd>molecular component allergic diagnosis</kwd><kwd>prevention of anaphylaxis</kwd><kwd>food allergies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Allergy OrganizationGuidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis / Simons F. E. R., Ardusso L. R. F., Bilo M. B. et al. //WorldAllergy Organ. 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