<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">urmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Уральский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ural Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4389</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ural State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-1-29-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">urmj-906</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выраженность депрессивной симптоматики и социально-демографические характеристики пациентов с алкоголизмом в республике Дагестан в зависимости от территориальных особенностей проживания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Severity of depressive symptomatology and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with alcoholism in the Republic of Dagestan depending on territorial patterns of residence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-3997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамсиева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamsieva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамсиева Саламат Рустамовна – аспирант.</p><p>Махачкала, Республика Дагестан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salamat R. Shamsieva – Postgraduate student.</p><p>Makhachkala, Dagestan Republic.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamsieva_salamat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моллаева</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mollaeva</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моллаева Наида Раджабовна – доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>Махачкала, Республика Дагестан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Naida R. Mollaeva – Doctor of Medicine.</p><p>Makhachkala, Dagestan Republic.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naidadgma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2478-9619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Дж. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Dz. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Джинна Ивановна – кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>Тюмень.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhinna I. Lebedeva – MD.</p><p>Tyumen.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">j.lebedeva1965@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шамсиева С.Р., Моллаева Н.Р., Лебедева Д.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шамсиева С.Р., Моллаева Н.Р., Лебедева Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamsieva S.R., Mollaeva N.R., Lebedeva D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/906">https://www.umjusmu.ru/jour/article/view/906</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Проживание в городской и сельской местности может влиять на риск развития и особенности течения алкогольной зависимости и коморбидных с ней состояний. Цель работы — оценка степени выраженности депрессивной симптоматики и социально-демографических характеристик пациентов с алкоголизмом в Республике Дагестан в зависимости от территориальных особенностей проживания. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняло участие 104 пациента в возрасте 51,2±9,9 года (от 27 до 74 лет), состоящих на учете в ГБУ «Республиканском наркологическом диспансере» Республики Дагестан с диагнозом алкогольной зависимости. В зависимости от территориальных особенностей проживания пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: 62 (59,6%) пациента, проживающие в городской местности, и 42 (40,4%) — проживающие в сельской местности. С целью оценки социально-демографических характеристик всем больным было проведено анкетирование. Степень выраженности депрессивной симптоматики оценивали с помощью шкалы Бека. Результаты. Анализ характеристик алкогольной зависимости не выявил различий между группами (p&gt;0,05). Обнаружено, что у пациентов, проживающих в сельской местности, степень депрессии была более выражена, чем у тех, кто проживал в городской местности: легкая степень — 7,3% и 29,0% (p&lt;0,05), умеренная — 9,8% и 1,6% (p&lt;0,05) и выраженная — 39,0% и 25,8% (p&lt;0,05) соответственно. Cтепень выраженности депрессии коррелировала с наличием работы у пациентов (r=0,324; p&lt;0,001). Обсуждение. Употребление алкоголя приводит к более тяжелому проявлению депрессии, способствуя физиологическим изменениям организма. И наоборот, люди с депрессией более склонны к бесконтрольному употреблению алкоголя, что по их субъективному мнению облегчает психосоциальные страдания. Связь между злоупотреблением алкоголем и депрессивными симптомами является двунаправленной, это означает, что оба этих расстройства влияют на развитие и течение друг друга и одновременно усугубляют риск развития другого расстройства. Выводы. Для лиц с алкогольной зависимостью, проживающих в сельской местности Республики Дагестан, характерна безработица, коррелирующая с тревожно-депрессивной симптоматикой, а также более тяжелая степень выраженности депрессии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Living in urban and rural areas can affect the risk of developing and the course of alcohol dependence and comorbid conditions. The aim of the work was to evaluate the degree of depressive symptoms and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with alcoholism in the Republic of Dagestan, depending on the territorial features of residence. Materials and methods. The study involved 104 patients aged 51.2±9.9 years (27 to 74 years), registered in the State Budgetary Institution «Republican narcological dispensary» of the Republic of Dagestan with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the territorial features of their residence: 62 (59.6%) patients residing in urban areas and 42 (40.4%) residing in rural areas. In order to evaluate socio-demographic characteristics all patients were questioned. The degree of severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Beck scale. Results. Analysis of alcohol dependence characteristics revealed no differences between the groups (p&gt;0.05). The degree of depression was found to be more pronounced in patients living in rural areas than in those living in urban areas: mild depression was 7.3% and 29.0% (p&lt;0.05), moderate depression was 9.8% and 1.6% (p&lt;0.05), and severe depression was 39.0% and 25.8% (p&lt;0.05), respectively. The severity of depression correlated with  the presence of work in patients (r=0.324; p&lt;0.001). Discussion. Alcohol consumption leads to a more severe manifestation of depression, contributing to physiological changes in the body. Conversely, depressed people are more prone to uncontrolled alcohol consumption, which in their subjective opinion alleviates psychosocial suffering. The connection between alcohol abuse and depressive symptoms is bidirectional, meaning that both of these disorders influence the development and course of the other and simultaneously exacerbate the risk of developing the other disorder. Conclusions. Alcohol-dependent individuals living in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan are characterized by unemployment that correlates with anxiety-depressive symptoms, as well as a more severe degree of depression severity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сельская местность</kwd><kwd>городская местность</kwd><kwd>алкогольная зависимость</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rural area</kwd><kwd>urban areas</kwd><kwd>alcohol addiction</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабушкина, Е.И. Анализ влияния различных факторов на эпидемиологическую ситуацию по алкоголизму в Свердловской области/ Е.И. Бабушкина, А.П. Сиденкова// Уральский медицинский журнал. — 2020. — № 11(194). — С. 66-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бабушкина, Е.И. Анализ влияния различных факторов на эпидемиологическую ситуацию по алкоголизму в Свердловской области/ Е.И. Бабушкина, А.П. Сиденкова// Уральский медицинский журнал. — 2020. — № 11(194). — С. 66-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon, M.A. Alcohol Use Patterns Among Urban and Rural Residents: Demographic and Social Influences/ M.A. Dixon, K. Chartier// Alcohol Res. — 2016. — № 38(1). — Р. 69-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon, M.A. Alcohol Use Patterns Among Urban and Rural Residents: Demographic and Social Influences/ M.A. Dixon, K. Chartier// Alcohol Res. — 2016. — № 38(1). — Р. 69-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rural and urban substance use differences: Effects of the transition to college/ K.J. Derefinko, Z. Bursac, M.G. Mejia, R. Milich, D.R. Lynam// Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. — 2018. — № 44(2). — Р. 224-234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rural and urban substance use differences: Effects of the transition to college/ K.J. Derefinko, Z. Bursac, M.G. Mejia, R. Milich, D.R. Lynam// Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. — 2018. — № 44(2). — Р. 224-234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A qualitative exploration of rural and semi-urban Sri Lankan men's alcohol consumption/ J.B. Sørensen, F. Konradsen, T. Agampodi, B.R. Sørensen, M. Pearson, S. Siribaddana, T. Rheinländer// Glob Public Health. — 2020. — № 15(5). — Р. 678-690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A qualitative exploration of rural and semi-urban Sri Lankan men's alcohol consumption/ J.B. Sørensen, F. Konradsen, T. Agampodi, B.R. Sørensen, M. Pearson, S. Siribaddana, T. Rheinländer// Glob Public Health. — 2020. — № 15(5). — Р. 678-690.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karriker-Jaffe, K.J. Areas of disadvantage: a systematic review of effects of area-level socioeconomic status on substance use outcomes/ K.J. Karriker-Jaffe// Drug Alcohol Rev. — 2011. — № 30(1). — Р. 84-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karriker-Jaffe, K.J. Areas of disadvantage: a systematic review of effects of area-level socioeconomic status on substance use outcomes/ K.J. Karriker-Jaffe// Drug Alcohol Rev. — 2011. — № 30(1). — Р. 84-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The built environment and alcohol consumption in urban neighborhoods/ K.T. Bernstein, S. Galea, J. Ahern, M. Tracy, D. Vlahov// Drug Alcohol Depend. — 2007. -№ 91(2-3). — Р. 244-252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The built environment and alcohol consumption in urban neighborhoods/ K.T. Bernstein, S. Galea, J. Ahern, M. Tracy, D. Vlahov// Drug Alcohol Depend. — 2007. -№ 91(2-3). — Р. 244-252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A systematic review of the influence of community level social factors on alcohol use/ A. Bryden, B. Roberts, M. Petticrew, M. McKee// Health Place. -2013. — № 21. — Р. 70-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A systematic review of the influence of community level social factors on alcohol use/ A. Bryden, B. Roberts, M. Petticrew, M. McKee// Health Place. -2013. — № 21. — Р. 70-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alcohol outlets, youth drinking, and self-reported ease of access to alcohol: a constraints and opportunities approach/ A.J. Treno, W.R. Ponicki, L.G. Remer, P.J. Gruenewald// Alcohol Clin Exp Res. — 2008. — № 32(8). — Р. 1372-1379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alcohol outlets, youth drinking, and self-reported ease of access to alcohol: a constraints and opportunities approach/ A.J. Treno, W.R. Ponicki, L.G. Remer, P.J. Gruenewald// Alcohol Clin Exp Res. — 2008. — № 32(8). — Р. 1372-1379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pathways to adolescent alcohol use: family environment, peer influence, and parental expectations/ S.G. Nash, A. McQueen, J.H. Bray// J Adolesc Health. -2005. — № 37(1). — Р. 19-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pathways to adolescent alcohol use: family environment, peer influence, and parental expectations/ S.G. Nash, A. McQueen, J.H. Bray// J Adolesc Health. -2005. — № 37(1). — Р. 19-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An inventory for measuring depression/ A.T. Beck, C.H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, J. Erbaugh// Arch Gen Psychiatry. — 1961. — № 4. — Р. 561-571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An inventory for measuring depression/ A.T. Beck, C.H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, J. Erbaugh// Arch Gen Psychiatry. — 1961. — № 4. — Р. 561-571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rural definition of health: a systematic literature review/ C. Gessert, S. Waring, L. Bailey-Davis, P. Conway, M. Roberts, J. Van Wormer// BMC Public Health. — 2015. — № 15. — Р. 378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rural definition of health: a systematic literature review/ C. Gessert, S. Waring, L. Bailey-Davis, P. Conway, M. Roberts, J. Van Wormer// BMC Public Health. — 2015. — № 15. — Р. 378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Socio-economic inequalities in the association between alcohol use disorder and depressive disorder among Thai adults: a population-based study/ S. Assanangkornchai, J. Nontarak, W. Aekplakorn, S. Chariyalertsak, P. Kessomboon, S. Taneepanichskul// BMC Psychiatry. — 2020. — № 20(1). — Р. 553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Socio-economic inequalities in the association between alcohol use disorder and depressive disorder among Thai adults: a population-based study/ S. Assanangkornchai, J. Nontarak, W. Aekplakorn, S. Chariyalertsak, P. Kessomboon, S. Taneepanichskul// BMC Psychiatry. — 2020. — № 20(1). — Р. 553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The changing alcohol drinking patterns among older adults show that women are closing the gender gap in more frequent drinking: the Tromsø study, 1994-2016/ L.T. Stelander, A. Høye, J.G. Bramness, G. Selbæk, L.H. Lunde, R. Wynn, O.K. Grønli // Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. — 2021. — № 16(1). — Р. 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The changing alcohol drinking patterns among older adults show that women are closing the gender gap in more frequent drinking: the Tromsø study, 1994-2016/ L.T. Stelander, A. Høye, J.G. Bramness, G. Selbæk, L.H. Lunde, R. Wynn, O.K. Grønli // Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. — 2021. — № 16(1). — Р. 45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стресс: причины и последствия, лечение и профилактика/ Е.С. Акарачкова, А.И. Байдаулетова, А.А. Беляев, Д.В. Блинов, О.А. Громова, М.С. Дулаева, М.В. Замерград, А.И. Исайкин, Л.Р. Кадырова, А.А. Клименко, А.А. Кондрашов, О.В. Косивцова, О.В. Котова, Д.И. Лебедева, В.Э. Медведев, А.С. Орлова, Е.В. Травникова, О.Н. Яковлев// ООО «Скифия-принт» (Санкт-Петербург). — 2020. — 138 С.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Стресс: причины и последствия, лечение и профилактика/ Е.С. Акарачкова, А.И. Байдаулетова, А.А. Беляев, Д.В. Блинов, О.А. Громова, М.С. Дулаева, М.В. Замерград, А.И. Исайкин, Л.Р. Кадырова, А.А. Клименко, А.А. Кондрашов, О.В. Косивцова, О.В. Котова, Д.И. Лебедева, В.Э. Медведев, А.С. Орлова, Е.В. Травникова, О.Н. Яковлев// ООО «Скифия-принт» (Санкт-Петербург). — 2020. — 138 С.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потенциальные маркеры алкогольной зависимости: состояния тревоги и депрессии, индивидуально-личностные характеристики/ Т.И. Иванова, К.Ф. Васильченко, А.И. Блох, А.Ю. Федорова, А.А. Усова, Д.Г. Новиков, Н.А. Кириченко, К.С. Тагаков// Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии. — 2020. — № 4(109). — С. 51-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Потенциальные маркеры алкогольной зависимости: состояния тревоги и депрессии, индивидуально-личностные характеристики/ Т.И. Иванова, К.Ф. Васильченко, А.И. Блох, А.Ю. Федорова, А.А. Усова, Д.Г. Новиков, Н.А. Кириченко, К.С. Тагаков// Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии. — 2020. — № 4(109). — С. 51-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McHugh, R.K. Alcohol Use Disorder and Depressive Disorders/ R.K. McHugh, R.D. Weiss// Alcohol Res. — 2019. — № 40(1). — Р.arcr.v40.1.01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McHugh, R.K. Alcohol Use Disorder and Depressive Disorders/ R.K. McHugh, R.D. Weiss// Alcohol Res. — 2019. — № 40(1). — Р.arcr.v40.1.01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boden, J.M. Alcohol and depression/ J.M. Boden, D. Fergusson// Addiction. — 2011. — № 106(5). — Р. 906-914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boden, J.M. Alcohol and depression/ J.M. Boden, D. Fergusson// Addiction. — 2011. — № 106(5). — Р. 906-914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Does providing a brief internet intervention for hazardous alcohol use to people seeking online help for depression reduce both alcohol use and depression symptoms among participants with these co-occurring disorders? Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial/ J.A. Cunningham, C.S. Hendershot, F. Kay-Lambkin, C. Neighbors, K.M. Griffiths, K. Bennett, A. Bennett, A. Godinho, C. Schell// BMJ Open. — 2018. — № 8(7). — Р. e022412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Does providing a brief internet intervention for hazardous alcohol use to people seeking online help for depression reduce both alcohol use and depression symptoms among participants with these co-occurring disorders? Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial/ J.A. Cunningham, C.S. Hendershot, F. Kay-Lambkin, C. Neighbors, K.M. Griffiths, K. Bennett, A. Bennett, A. Godinho, C. Schell// BMJ Open. — 2018. — № 8(7). — Р. e022412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use and depressive symptoms in St. Petersburg, Russia/ W. Zhan, A.V. Shaboltas, R.V. Skochilov, A.P. Kozlov, T.V. Krasnoselskikh, N. Abdala// J Addict Res Ther. — 2012. — № 3(2). — Р. 1000124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use and depressive symptoms in St. Petersburg, Russia/ W. Zhan, A.V. Shaboltas, R.V. Skochilov, A.P. Kozlov, T.V. Krasnoselskikh, N. Abdala// J Addict Res Ther. — 2012. — № 3(2). — Р. 1000124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Explaining the association between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder: A twin study/ F.A. Torvik, T.H. Rosenström, K. Gustavson, E. Ystrom, K.S. Kendler, J.G. Bramness, N. Czajkowski, T. Reichborn-Kjennerud// Depress Anxiety. — 2019. — № 36(6). — Р. 522-532.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Explaining the association between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder: A twin study/ F.A. Torvik, T.H. Rosenström, K. Gustavson, E. Ystrom, K.S. Kendler, J.G. Bramness, N. Czajkowski, T. Reichborn-Kjennerud// Depress Anxiety. — 2019. — № 36(6). — Р. 522-532.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review/ C.R. Brown, I.R. Hambleton, N. Sobers-Grannum, S.M. Hercules, N. Unwin, E. Nigel Harris, R. Wilks, M. MacLeish, L. Sullivan, M.M. Murphy// BMC Public Health. — 2017. — № 17(1). — Р.577.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review/ C.R. Brown, I.R. Hambleton, N. Sobers-Grannum, S.M. Hercules, N. Unwin, E. Nigel Harris, R. Wilks, M. MacLeish, L. Sullivan, M.M. Murphy// BMC Public Health. — 2017. — № 17(1). — Р.577.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maselko, J. Social Epidemiology and Global Mental Health: Expanding the Evidence from High-Income to Low— and Middle-Income Countries/ J. Maselko/ Curr Epidemiol Rep. — 2017. — № 4(2). — Р.166–173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maselko, J. Social Epidemiology and Global Mental Health: Expanding the Evidence from High-Income to Low— and Middle-Income Countries/ J. Maselko/ Curr Epidemiol Rep. — 2017. — № 4(2). — Р.166–173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collins, S.E. Associations Between Socioeconomic Factors and Alcohol Outcomes/ S.E. Collins// Alcohol Res. — 2016. — № 38(1). — Р. 83–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collins, S.E. Associations Between Socioeconomic Factors and Alcohol Outcomes/ S.E. Collins// Alcohol Res. — 2016. — № 38(1). — Р. 83–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Social inequalities in health and mental health in France. The results of a 2010 population-based survey in Paris Metropolitan Area/ E. Jacquet, S. Robert, P. Chauvin, G. Menvielle, M. Melchior, G. Ibanez// Plos One. — 2018. — № 13(9). — Р. e0203676.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Social inequalities in health and mental health in France. The results of a 2010 population-based survey in Paris Metropolitan Area/ E. Jacquet, S. Robert, P. Chauvin, G. Menvielle, M. Melchior, G. Ibanez// Plos One. — 2018. — № 13(9). — Р. e0203676.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
