Clinical Features of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and The Postpartum Period in Women with HIV Infection: An Analysis of Current Data Anna

In modern obstetrics, the management of HIV-positive pregnancies has undergone a paradigm shift, primarily due to the widespread implementation of antiretroviral therapy. While these interventions have drastically reduced vertical transmission and maternal opportunistic infections, several clinicopathological challenges persist regarding the long-term impact on the maternal-fetal unit. Current scientific inquiry is focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic markers to enhance risk stratification.

The purpose of this review is to summarize current data on the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in women with HIV-positive status, analyze available domestic and foreign clinical studies, and evaluate the effects of HIV infection on the placenta, including histological and immunohistochemical changes.

Materials and methods . When preparing the review article, publications from international and Russian scientific resources were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, as well as national databases eLibrary.ru and materials from specialized journals on obstetrics and gynecology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, and genetics. The analysis mainly included works from 2018–2026, with earlier key publications involved, if necessary. The search was carried out using combinations of keywords, as well as their Russian equivalents: “pregnancy, HIV infection, pregnancy complications, placenta, vertical transmission of HIV, genetics, preeclampsia”. The selected publications were critically evaluated, then divided into thematic areas and summarized.

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