Benign breast tumors and risk factors for their development
https://doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-5-128-137
Abstract
Introduction. Benign mammary gland tumors constitute a group of heterogeneous diseases with a complex clinical and morphological structure that complicates timely diagnosis and terminological designation of pathological processes. They are of great interest because of their possible background for oncologic pathology. The most widespread disease is mastopathy, its occurrence rate in the population reaches 40%. The incidence of mastopathies increases by the age of 45 years, and then tends to decrease in the pre- and postmenopausal periods. The purpose of the review was to evaluate and analyze the literature data on the presented problem in recent years. Materials and methods. Publications of domestic and foreign authors on benign breast neoplasms and risk factors of this pathology over the past 20 years have been included in the article. Literature search was performed in the systems Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Elibrary. Results and discussion. Etiopathogenetic factors in patients with benign mammary gland tumors play a paramount role, substantiating the necessity of prognostication and prevention of the disease. Risk factors for these diseases include hereditary, hormonal, neuropsychological, reproductive data, age, lactation, inflammation, trauma, smoking, and others. Conclusion. The current dynamic of increasing the incidence of benign mammary tumors has been noted, but no specific risk factors for this group of diseases have been identified, as they are multifactorial, associated with genetic causes, somatic health data, and environmental influences. Not all women are equally at risk of developing breast diseases, the reasons characterizing the individual propensity for this pathology have been identified. The risk factors do not cause the development of the disease, but considerably increase its probability. The study of predisposing risk factors for the development of tumor processes in the mammary glands in order to diagnose them early gives an opportunity to improve the results and prognosis of treatment.
About the Authors
A. V. Pushkarev
Republican Clinical Oncologic Dispensary
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksej V. Pushkarev, Resident Physician
Ufa
M. G. Galeev
Bashkir State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Marat G. Galeev, Ph.D. in medicine
Ufa
V. A. Pushkarev
Republican Clinical Oncologic Dispensary
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vasilij A. Pushkarev, Doctor of Science (Medicine)
Ufa
D. S. Tursumetov
Bashkir State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Davlat S. Tursumetov, Ph.D. in medicine
Ufa
M. R. Mukhametdinov
Bashkir State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Marat R. Mukhametdinov, Clinical resident
Ufa
References
1. Родионов В.В. Сметник А.А. Доброкачественные заболевания молочных желез. Акушерство и гинекология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2018;(1):90–100. https://doi.org/10.24411/2303-9698-2018-00011.
2. Беспалов В.Г., Травина М.Л. Фиброзно-кистозная болезнь и риск рака молочной железы (обзор литературы). Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы. 2015;11(4):58–70. https://doi.org/10.17650/1994-4098-2015-11-4-58-70.
3. Коган И.Ю., Мясникова М.О. Диагностика и лечение маст опатии. СПб.; 2010. 32 с.
4. Onstad M., Stuckey A. Benign breast disorders. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2013;40(3): 459–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2013.05.004.
5. Доброкачественная дисплазия молочной железы. Клинические рекомендации. 2020. 47 с. URL: http://perinatcentr.ru/files/kr3.pdf (дата обращения: 22.09.2022).
6. Guray M., Sahin A.A. Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosis, and management. Oncologist. 2006;11(5):435–49. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.11-5-435.
7. Santen R.J., Mansel R. Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(3):275–85. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra035692.
8. Коган И.Ю., Полянин А.А., Мясникова М.О., Тарасова М.А., Солнцева И.А. Мастопатия (фиброзно-кистозная болезнь): диагностические подходы. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2004;53(2):60–65. https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD87961.
9. Национальное руководство по маммологии / под ред. А.Д. Каприна, Н.И. Рожковой. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2016. 496 с.
10. Kaneda H.J., Mack J., Kasales C.J. Schetter S. Pediatric and adolescent breast masses: a review of pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200(2):W204–212. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9560.
11. Травина М.Л., Попов А.Г., Попов С.А., Куликова Е.В. Клиническая классификация заболеваний и состояний молочных желез у детей и подростков. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2016;15(4):385–390. https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v15i4.1590.
12. Травина М.Л., Попов А.Г. Клиническая маммология – есть ли проблемы в педиатрии? Фарматека. 2016;(8):72–75.
13. Johnson R.H., Anders C.K., Litton J.K. et al. Breast cancer in adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(12):e27397. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27397.
14. Sadler C., Goldfarb M. Comparison of primary and secondary breast cancers in adolescents and young adults. Cancer. 2015;121(8):1295–1302. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29200.
15. Lee E.J., Chang Y.W., Oh J.H. et al. Breast lesions in children and adolescents: diagnosis and management. Korean J Radiol. 2018;19(5):978–991. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.19.5.978.
16. Lad S., Seely J., Elmaadawi M. et al. Juvenile papillomatosis: A case report and literature review. Clin Breast Cancer. 2014;14(5):e103–e105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2014.03.003.
17. García C.J., Espinoza A., Dinamarca V. et al. Breast US in children and adolescents. Radiographics. 2000;20(6):1605–1612. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.20.6.g00nv171605.
18. Сметник В.П., Тумилович Л.Г. Неоперативная гинекология. М.: МИА , 2005. 629 с.
19. Бочкова Н.П., Гинтера Е.К., Пузырева В.П. Наследственные болезни. Национальное руководство. М.: ГЭО-ТАР-Медиа; 2013. 936 с.
20. Онкология / под ред. Д. Касчиат о. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2013. 1036 с.
21. Молекулярно-генетическая диагностика наследственного рака молочной железы и рака яичников / Е.И. Новикова, Г.П. Снигирева, Е.Н. Телышева и др. // Опухолевые маркеры: молекулярно-генетические и клинические аспекты. Новосибирск: Новосибирский науч. исслед. гос. ун-т; 2019. С . 39–41.
22. Ашрафян Л.А., Киселев В.И., Муйжнек Е.Л. Патогенетическая профилактика рака репродуктивных органов. М.: Димитрейд Г рафик Групп; 2009. 176 с.
23. Берштейн Л.М. Рак гормонозависимых тканей в системе основных неинфекционных заболеваний человека. СПб.: Эскулап; 2009. 128 с.
24. Киселев В.И., Свешников П.Г., Барановский П.М. с соавт. Онкобелок У7 вируса папилломы человека – новый маркер ранних стадий канцерогенеза. Terra Medica. 2011;(1):35–39.
25. Киселев В.И., Ляшенко А.А. Молекулярные механизмы регуляции гиперпластических процессов. М., 2005. 348 с.
26. Вихляева Е.М. Руководство по эндокринной гинек ологии. М.: МИА , 2002. 765 с.
27. Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature. 2006;25(441):431–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04870.
28. Mantovani A., Allavena P., Sica A., Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature. 2008;454(7203):436–444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07205.
29. Hussain S.P., Hofseth L.J., Harris C.C. Radical causes of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3(4):276–285. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1046.
30. Okazaki I.M., Kotani A., Honjo T. Role of AID in tumorigenesis. Adv Immunol. 2007;94:245–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2776(06)94008-5.
31. Sender R., Fuchs S., Milo R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. 2016;14(8):e1002533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533.
32. Corthay A. Does the immune system naturally protect against cancer? Front Immunol. 2014;5:197. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00197.
33. Alspach E., Lussier D.M., Schreiber R.D. Interferon γ and Its important roles in promoting and inhibiting spontaneous and therapeutic cancer immunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2019;11(3):a028480. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a028480.
34. Hunt K.M., Foster J.A., Forney L.J. et al. Characterization of the diversity and temporal stability of bacterial communities in human milk. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021313.
35. Hieken T.J., Chen J., Hoskin T.L. et al. The microbiome of aseptically collected human breast tissue in benign and malignant disease. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30751. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30751.
36. Chan A.A., Bashir M., Rivas M.N. et al. Characterization of the microbiome of nipple aspirate fluid of breast cancer survivors. Sci Rep. 2016;6:28061. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep2 8061.
37. Patel S.H., Vaidya Y.H., Patel R.J. et al. Culture independent assessment of human milk microbial community in lactational mastitis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):7804. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08451-7.
38. Foxman B., D'Arcy H., Gillespie B. et al. Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(2):103–114. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.2.103. .
39. Michie C., Lockie F., Lynn W. The challenge of mastitis. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(9):818–821. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.9.818.
40. Erhan Y., Veral A., Kara E. et al. A clinicopthologic study of a rare clinical entity mimicking breast carcinoma: idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Breast. 2000;9(1):52–56. htt ps://doi.org/10.1054/brst.1999.0072.
41. Diesing D., Axt-Fliedner R., Hornung D. et al. Granulomatous mastitis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2004;269(4):233–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-003-0561-2.
42. Tewari M., Shukla H.S. Breast tuberculosis: diagnosis, clinical features & management. Indian J Med Res. 2005;122(2):103–110.
43. Furlong A.J., al-Nakib L., Knox W.F. et al. Periductal inflammation and cigarette smoke. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;179(4):417–420.
44. Rahal R.M., de Freitas-Júnior R., Paulinelli R.R. Risk factors for duct ectasia. Breast J. 2005;11(4):262–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2005.21684.x.
45. Sweeney D.J., Wylie E.J. Mammographic appearances of mammary duct ectasia that mimic carcinoma in a screening programme. Australas Radiol. 1995;39(1):18–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00225.x.
46. Rosai J., ed. Chapter 20. Breast. In: Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2004: 1763–1876.
47. Kinoshita T., Yashiro N., Yoshigi J. et al. Fat necrosis of breast: a potential pitfall in breast MRI. Clin Imaging. 2002;26(4):250–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00426-6.
48. Pullyblank A.M., Davies J.D., Basten J., Rayter Z. Fat necrosis of the female breast--Hadfield re-visited. Breast. 2001;10(5):388–391. https://doi.org/10.1054/brst.2000.0287.
49. Silverberg S.G., Masood S. The breast. In: Silverberg SG, DeLellis RA, Frable WJ, eds. Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology and C ytopathology. New York: C hurchill-Livingstone, Inc.; 1997:575–673.
50. Donegan W.L. Common benign conditions of the breast. In: Donegan WL, Spratt JS, eds. Cancer of the Breast. St. Louis, MO: Saunders; 2002: 67–110.
51. O'Malley F.P., Bane A.L. The spectrum of apocrine lesions of the breast. Adv Anat Pathol. 2004;11(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00125480-200401000-00001.
52. Lanng C., Eriksen B.Ø., Hoffmann J. Lipoma of the breast: a diagnostic dilemma. Breast. 2004;13(5):408–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2004.04.011.
53. Barbaros U., Deveci U., Erbil Y., Budak D. Breast hamartoma: a case report. Acta Chir Belg. 2005;105(6):658–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2005.11679798.
54. Tse G.M., Law B.K., Ma T.K. et al. Hamartoma of the breast: a clinicopathological review. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55(12):951–954. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.55.12.951.
55. Adeniran A., Al-Ahmadie H., Mahoney M.C., Robinson-Smith T.M. Granular cell tumor of the breast: a series of 17 cases and review of the literature. Breast J. 2004;10(6):528–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2004.21525.x.
56. Guiu S., Michiels S., André F. et al. Molecular subclasses of breast cancer: how do we define them? The IMPAKT 2012 Working Group Statement. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(12):2997–3006. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds586.
57. Liu L., Wu K., Lin X. et al. Passive Smoking and Other Factors at Different Periods of Life and Breast Cancer Risk in Chinese Women who have Never Smoked - A Case-control Study in Chongqing, People's Republic of China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2000;1(2):131–137.
58. Gram I.T., Braaten T., Terry P.D. et al. Breast cancer risk among women who start smoking as teenagers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(1):61–66.
59. Luo J., Horn K., Ockene J.K. et al. Interaction between smoking and obesity and the risk of developing breast cancer among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(8):919–928. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr192.
60. Suzuki T., Matsuo K., Wakai K. et al. Effect of familial history and smoking on common cancer risks in Japan. Cancer. 2007;109(10):2116–2123. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22685.
61. Couch F.J., Cerhan J.R., Vierkant R.A. et al. Cigarette smoking increases risk for breast cancer in high-risk breast cancer families. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Pr ev. 2001;10(4):327–332.
62. García-Closas M., Malats N., Silverman D. et al. NAT2 slow acetylation, GSTM1 null genotype, and risk of bladder cancer: results from the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study and meta-analyses. Lancet. 2005;366(9486):649–659. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67137-1.
63. Xue F., Willett W.C., Rosner B.A. et al. Cigarette smoking and the incidence of breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(2):125–133. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.503.
64. Reynolds P., Hurley S., Goldberg D.E. et al. Active smoking, household passive smoking, and breast cancer: evidence from the California Teachers Study. J Natl C ancer Inst. 2004;96(1):29–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh002.
65. Ader R., Cohen N., Felten D. Psychoneuroimmunology: interactions between the nervous system and the immune system. Lancet. 1995;345(8942):99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90066-7.
66. Kiecolt-Glaser J.K., Robles T.F., Heffner K.L. et al. Psycho-oncology and cancer: psychoneuroimmunology and cancer. Ann Oncol. 2002;13(4):165–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdf655.
67. Pössel P., Adams E., Valentine J.C. Depression as a risk factor for breast cancer: investigating methodological limitations in the literature. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23(8):1223–1229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-0014-y.
68. Su F., Ouyang N., Zhu P. et al. Psychological stress induces chemoresistance in breast cancer by upregulating mdr1. Biochem Biophys Res C ommun. 2005;329(3):888–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.056.
69. Ollonen P., Lehtonen J., Eskelinen M. Stressful and adverse life experiences in patients with breast symptoms; a prospective case-control study in Kuopio, Finland. Anticancer Res. 2005;25(1B):531–53 6.
70. Eskelinen M., Ollonen P. Life stress and losses and deficit in adulthood as breast cancer risk factor: a prospective casecontrol study in Kuopio, Finland. In Vivo. 2010; 24 (6): 899–904
Review
For citations:
Pushkarev AV, Galeev MG, Pushkarev VA, Tursumetov DS, Mukhametdinov MR. Benign breast tumors and risk factors for their development. Ural Medical Journal. 2022;21(5):128-137. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-5-128-137
Views:
538
Email this article 