Гиперкинетическое расстройство и синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности у взрослых
https://doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-3-108-117
Аннотация
Введение. Гиперкинетическое расстройство (ГР) и синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности (СДВГ) традиционно рассматриваются как патология детского возраста, однако частота выявления его среди взрослого населения высока. ГР и СДВГ оказывает значительное влияние на профессиональную, учебную деятельность и социально-бытовые отношения.
Цель работы – систематизация современных данных в области исследований гиперкинетического расстройства и синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью у взрослых.
Материалы и методы. В электронно-поисковой системе PubMed произведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций метаанализов с 2017 по 2022 гг. по полному совпадению ключевых слов. Критерием невключения публикации в настоящий обзор явилось исследование, проведенное на выборке лиц младше 18 лет. Всего было проверено 154 уникальных ссылки, из них в обзор включены 70 статей.
Результаты и обсуждение. СДВГ является полиэтиологическим заболеванием. Симптомы СДВГ могут быть ассоциированы с другими патологическими состояниями, что может влиять на патогенетическую и клиническую картину. Ряд авторов рассматривает симптомы СДВГ с точки зрения адаптации к современным условиям информационной среды. Указываются положительные аспекты СДВГ: способность к творческой деятельности, умение находить нестандартные, оригинальные решения, повышенная способность к эмпатии. В ряде современных работ у лиц с СДВГ отмечена повышенная способность к состоянию «гиперфокусировки» на актуальной для индивида деятельности, хотя не все исследователи придерживаются этого мнения.
Заключение. Клинической сущностью СДВГ является его дизонтогенетический характер. Спектр этиологических факторов, как внешних, так и внутренних, которые могут привести к развитию симптомов СДВГ, достаточно широк, а вероятность наличия коморбидных состояний крайне высока. Не все классификации и критерии диагностики, направленные на выявление симптомов СДВГ у лиц младше 18 лет, могут быть применены в отношении взрослых пациентов, что смещает эпидемиологические показатели в сторону уменьшения расстройства во взрослой популяции.
Об авторах
А. В. Городничева
Уральский государственный медицинский университет
Россия
Россия
Анна Вадимовна Городничева – студент
Екатеринбург
И. А. Пономарев
Уральский государственный медицинский университет
Россия
Россия
Илья Александрович Пономарев – студент
Екатеринбург
А. П. Сиденкова
Уральский государственный медицинский университет
Россия
Россия
Алена Петровна Сиденкова – доктор медицинских наук, доцент
Екатеринбург
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Городничева АВ, Пономарев ИА, Сиденкова АП. Гиперкинетическое расстройство и синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности у взрослых. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2023;22(3):108-117. https://doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-3-108-117
For citation:
Gorodnicheva AV, Ponomarev IA, Sidenkova AP. Hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficiency and hyperactivity syndrome in adults. Ural Medical Journal. 2023;22(3):108-117. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2023-22-3-108-117
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