The Role of Morphological Examination in The Diagnosis of Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis: A Literature Review
G. A. Moroz,
R. A. Trufanenko,
L. M. Grinberg,
R. B. Berdnikov,
I. G. Danilova,
N. D. Sorokina,
L. Z. Abduragimova,
I. B. Khlynov https://doi.org/10.52420/umj.24.1.123
EDN: WHGTMQ
Abstract
Introduction. In developed countries, there is a trend towards a decrease in the prevalence of H. Pylori associated gastritis, which leads to an increase in the relative frequency of chronic autoimmune gastritis in the structure of gastric lesions in biopsy material. The observed trends, as well as the presumed underdiagnosis of autoimmune gastritis in the Russian Federation make it relevant to discuss the principles of diagnostics of this disease.
Objective. Provide current data on the criteria for morphological diagnosis of chronic autoimmune gastritis.
Materials and methods. Data on the problem were searched in the databases of scientific publications PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary.ru. The depth of the scientific search was 175 years (1849–2024).
Results and discussion. The diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis is reduced to endoscopic examination with biopsy sampling according to the OLGA/Modified Sydney System diagnostic protocol (antral, incisura anglularis and body of the stomach). At the same time serological methods (detection of specific antibodies) do not always allow to confirm or refute the diagnosis, due to the existence of seronegative variant of the disease, which determines the primary role of morphological examination. The publication discusses the differential diagnosis of different stages of autoimmune gastritis with other types of chronic gastritis.
Conclusion. Chronic autoimmune gastritis is a diagnosis that involves a gastroenterologist, endoscopist, and pathologist. The leading role of morphological methods in the diagnosis of chronic autoimmune gastritis is determined and substantiated.
About the Authors
G. A. Moroz
Ural State Medical University;
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Gleb A. Moroz — Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine;
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
R. A. Trufanenko
Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Roman A. Trufanenko — Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
L. M. Grinberg
Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Lev M. Grinberg — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
R. B. Berdnikov
Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Roman B. Berdnikov — Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
I. G. Danilova
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Irina G. Danilova — Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Professor, Professor of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
N. D. Sorokina
Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Natalia D. Sorokina — Clinical Pathologist
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
L. Z. Abduragimova
Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Leyla Z. Abduragimova — Assistant of the Department of Hospital Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
I. B. Khlynov
Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Igor B. Khlynov — Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine
Ekaterinburg
Competing Interests:
The authors declare the absence of obvious or potential conflicts of interest.
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Moroz GA, Trufanenko RA, Grinberg LM, Berdnikov RB, Danilova IG, Sorokina ND, Abduragimova LZ, Khlynov IB. The Role of Morphological Examination in The Diagnosis of Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis: A Literature Review. Ural Medical Journal. 2025;24(1):123–141. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52420/umj.24.1.123. EDN: WHGTMQ
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