Обзор профилактических мероприятий, направленных на повышение устойчивости организма к неблагоприятным воздействиям антропогенных и климатических факторов окружающей среды северных территорий России

Введение. Одномоментное воздействие неблагоприятных погодно-климатических условий и химических факторов среды повышает вероятность нарушения здоровья человека, которая зависит от индивидуальных особенностей организма и может быть управляема средствами специфической и неспецифической защиты. Одним из таких средств является биологическая профилактика, включающая в себя меры по повышению устойчивости организма и усилению адаптационных механизмов организма.

Цель — обобщение научных материалов об особенностях питания жителей северных территорий России для обоснования необходимости разработки профилактических мероприятий, направленных на повышение устойчивости организма к неблагоприятным воздействиям антропогенных и климатических факторов окружающей среды в условиях Крайнего Севера.

Материалы и методы. Проведен библиографический поиск по информационным базам данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru, «КиберЛенинка». Обнаружено более 100 оригинальных статей, в результате из них критериям включения соответствовала 61 полнотекстовая публикация, представленная в обзоре.

Результаты. Постепенный переход на западный тип питания населения, проживающего на северных территориях, приводит к повышенному потреблению углеводов, недостаточному — жиров и белков. Зафиксирован дефицит йода, витаминов А, Е, С и D, причем последний усугубляется генетическим фактором у представителей коренных народов. Содержание тяжелых металлов, в частности свинца и ртути, в биосредах организма зачастую связано с геохимическими особенностями территории проживания и употреблением местной рыбы.

Заключение. Для сохранения здоровья населения, проживающего на северных территориях России, необходима профилактическая стратегия, с одной стороны, направленная на обогащение витаминами и минералами пищевых рационов, с другой — повышающая устойчивость организма к вредному действию токсических агентов, которые могут присутствовать в традиционных пищевых продуктах.

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