Основы патофизиологии гипогонадотропной аменореи: обзор литературы

Введение . Гипогонадотропная аменорея (ГА) является распространенной причиной отсутствия менструации у девочек-подростков и молодых женщин. В ее основе лежит нарушение нейроэндокринно-метаболического механизма, регулирующего репродуктивный цикл в женском организме, в связи со сложным сочетанным действием различных социальных, экологических, алиментарных и психологических факторов. Точные механизмы, лежащие в основе патофизиологии ГА и являющиеся базой для формирования долгосрочных последствий этой патологии, сложны, и их изучение продолжается.

Цель работы . Проведение научного анализа отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, посвященных проблеме гипогонадотропной аменореи, на примере функциональной гипоталамической аменореи для обобщения современного понимания ее патофизиологических механизмов и обсуждения клинической значимости и потенциального практического применения этих открытий.

Материалы и методы . Был проведен поиск и анализ научных публикаций в открытых электронных базах данных: PubMed, eLibrary.ru за период с 2015 по 2025 гг.

Результаты и обсуждение . Гипогонадотропная аменорея представляет собой сложную нейроэндокринную патологию с рядом серьезных последствий для здоровья женского организма, затрагивающих не только состояние репродуктивной системы, но и здоровье костно-мышечной, сердечно-сосудистой и центральной нервной систем, а также метаболизма организма подростка в целом.

Заключение . Глубокое понимание и анализ патогенетических механизмов развития и клинико-биологических последствий гипогонадотропной аменореи на примере функциональной гипоталамической аменореи имеет решающее значение для практикующего врача-гинеколога в аспекте предотвращения долгосрочных последствий гипоэстрогенемии для соматического и репродуктивного здоровья.

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