Ретроспективный анализ заболеваемости в когорте поздних недоношенных новорожденных

Обоснование. В условиях перинатальных центров маршрутизация беременных женщин с акушерской и соматической патологиями приводит к рождению значительного числа поздних недоношенных новорожденных, которые вносят высокий вклад в респираторную и церебральную.

Цель исследования — провести анализ респираторной и церебральной заболеваемости и терапии поздних недоношенных детей.

Материалы и методы. Ретроспективный анализ заболеваемости когорты поздних недоношенных детей (ГВ 34⁰–36⁶ недель), родившихся в период за 12 месяцев 2020 г. В исследование включено 508 новорожденных.

Результаты. Исследование показало, что поздние недоношенные новорожденные составляют более 10 % всех новорожденных и 66 % от числа недоношенных, родившихся в перинатальном центре, и характеризуются высокой заболеваемостью. Выделены основные нозологии: гипербилирубинемия — до 67 %; церебральная ишемия — до 55 %; внутрижелудочковое кровоизлияние — до 18 %; респираторный дистресс-синдром и транзиторное тахипноэ новорожденных — около 46 %; врожденная инфекция — 12 %; врожденные пороки сердца — около 10 %. Более чем половине детей потребовалось проведение респираторной терапии, четверти новорожденных — антибактериальная терапия. В отделение реанимации новорожденных госпитализировано около 40 % пациентов, патологии новорожденных — около 80 %. Медиана общей продолжительности госпитализации в перинатальном центре составила 13 [9,7; 19,0] суток.

Заключение. В результате исследования получены данные о высокой частоте респираторной (до половины случаев) и церебральной (более 50 %) патологий; врожденной инфекции (до 12 %); потребности в проведении респираторной терапии более чем у половины детей и продолжительной госпитализации с медианой 13 суток у поздних недоношенных новорожденных.

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