Факторы риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний у детей и подростков
https://doi.org/10.52420/umj.24.5.133
EDN: WDPOSI
Аннотация
Введение. Хронические неинфекционные заболевания (НИЗ) — основная причина смертности в мире. Основными типами НИЗ являются сосудистая патология (инфаркты и инсульты), онкологические заболевания, хронические респираторные нозологии (хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, бронхиальная астма) и сахарный диабет. Поведение, связанное с риском для здоровья, характеризуется несбалансированным питанием, недостаточным сном, отсутствием физических нагрузок и психологическим стрессом. Уязвимой группой являются подростки.
Цель — обобщить представления о факторах риска (ФР) здоровья детей и подростков, показать влияние этих факторов на развитие хронических НИЗ во взрослой жизни.
Материалы и методы. Поиск литературы для обзора проведен в декабре 2024 г. с помощью электронных баз данных PubMed, eLibrary.ru по ключевым словам, связанным с хроническими НИЗ и ФР НИЗ.
Результаты и обсуждение. Приоритетными поведенческими ФР НИЗ для подростков являются чрезмерное экранное время (ЭВ), сидячий образ жизни, чрезмерное употребление углеводистой пищи, курение и употребление алкоголя. Напротив, протективными факторами в отношении НИЗ считаются дозированные и регулярные физические нагрузки, питание, богатое пищевыми волокнами и с ограничением добавленного сахара, выполнение рекомендаций по ЭВ и отсутствие вредных привычек. Подростковый возраст характеризуется биопсихосоциальными изменениями, когда возможности для здоровья велики и устанавливаются будущие модели здорового взрослого. В многочисленных исследованиях, касающихся избыточной массы тела у подростков, подтверждается ее связь с поведением школьников в отношении здоровья. Представленные сведения могут помочь в разработке стратегий профилактики НИЗ среди подростков и в углублении понимания факторов риска, влияющих на их здоровье.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
А. О. Анисимова
Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека
Россия
Конфликт интересов:
Россия
Анисимова Анастасия Олеговна — педиатр, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории педиатрии и кардиоваскулярной патологии.
Иркутск
Конфликт интересов:
Нет
Л. В. Рычкова
Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека
Россия
Конфликт интересов:
Россия
Рычкова Любовь Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, директор.
Иркутск
Конфликт интересов:
Нет
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Анисимова АО, Рычкова ЛВ. Факторы риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний у детей и подростков. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2025;24(5):133-148. https://doi.org/10.52420/umj.24.5.133. EDN: WDPOSI
For citation:
Anisimova AO, Rychkova LV. Risk Factors Non-Communicable Diseases in Children and Adolescents. Ural Medical Journal. 2025;24(5):133-148. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52420/umj.24.5.133. EDN: WDPOSI
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