Circadian System, Obesity and the Heart: Molecular Basis of Pathogenetic Interaction

Introduction. Current research increasingly indicates that sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic diseases and autonomic disorders. Individual characteristics, nutrition, shift work, and concomitant diseases are sources of circadian rhythm disruption (desynchronosis). Chronic desyn chronosis contributes to dysregulation of blood pressure, elevated glucose levels, alterations in lipid profile, as well as the development of obesity. Of particular importance in this process is the study of polymorphisms of the so-called clock genes — CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY — which determine the organism’s sensitivity to external factors that disrupt circadian rhythms. Understanding the processes of circadian regulation at the molecular, physiological, and genetic levels opens up new possibilities for the development of modern strategies for prevention and treatment.

Aim is to analyze the molecular mechanisms, physiological foundations, and key genetic polymorphisms of circadian rhythms, as well as their relationship with cardiometabolic disorders; to identify future research perspectives in the integration of the chronobiological approach.

Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary.ru. Original articles and reviews published between 2018 and 2026 were analyzed, along with seminal works from earlier periods. The search was performed using relevant keywords. 

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