Value of BDNF and GDNF extracellular regulatory molecules in fetal umbilical cord blood. Clinical study

Introduction. In modern obstetrics, there are a significant number of diagnostic methods to detect fetal distress, including intrapartum. At the same time, the mechanisms of fetal adaptation to various stressors remain poorly understood. The aim of our study was to provide a clinical assessment of brain and glial neurotrophic factors (NTF) in umbilical cord blood when the fetus is exposed to stressors. Materials and methods. The study included 96 cases, which were divided into five groups depending on the data of retrospective analysis of the history of childbirth, the condition of the newborn. After delivery samples were taken, the level of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor). Results. The mean NTF level of BDNF in group 1 was 970.3 (60.9) ng/mL, in group 2 was 1499.8 (72.12) ng/mL, in group 3 was 1243.5 (67.49) ng/mL, in group 4 was 1245.5(80.8) ng/mL, in group 5 was 573.5(43.9) ng/mL (p<0.001). Mean GDNF NTF level in group 1 was 35 pg/mL, in group 2 was 41.3 pg/mL, in group 3 was 311.00 pg/mL, in group 4 was 80.00 pg/mL, and in group 5 was 35.6 pg/mL, (p><0.001). The incidence of fetal functional impairment in labor was not established in group 1, group 2 was 18.8%, group 3 was 29.2%, group 4 was 35.3%, and group 5 was 77.8% (p=0.001). The incidence of impaired fetal functional status in labor was not established in groups 1 and 2, in group 3, 4.2%, in group 4, 17.6%, and in group 5, 77.8% (p><0.001). Discussion. Clinical study data indicate the existence of a close relationship between the level of neurotrophic factors and the realization of fetal compensatory-adaptive capabilities in the presence of fetal hypoxia development factors in labor. Conclusion. The participation of BDNF and GDNF molecules in the regulation of fetal homeostasis under intrapartum exposure to stressors has been established. High levels of BDNF and GDNF provide fetal protection as part of an endogenous system of compensatory mechanisms in the regulation of fetal homeostasis.><0.001). Mean GDNF NTF level in group 1 was 35 pg/mL, in group 2 was 41.3 pg/mL, in group 3 was 311.00 pg/mL, in group 4 was 80.00 pg/mL, and in group 5 was 35.6 pg/mL, (p<0.001). The incidence of fetal functional impairment in labor was not established in group 1, group 2 was 18.8%, group 3 was 29.2%, group 4 was 35.3%, and group 5 was 77.8% (p=0.001). The incidence of impaired fetal functional status in labor was not established in groups 1 and 2, in group 3, 4.2%, in group 4, 17.6%, and in group 5, 77.8% (p><0.001). Discussion. Clinical study data indicate the existence of a close relationship between the level of neurotrophic factors and the realization of fetal compensatory-adaptive capabilities in the presence of fetal hypoxia development factors in labor. Conclusion. The participation of BDNF and GDNF molecules in the regulation of fetal homeostasis under intrapartum exposure to stressors has been established. High levels of BDNF and GDNF provide fetal protection as part of an endogenous system of compensatory mechanisms in the regulation of fetal homeostasis.><0.001). The incidence of fetal functional impairment in labor was not established in group 1, group 2 was 18.8%, group 3 was 29.2%, group 4 was 35.3%, and group 5 was 77.8% (p=0.001). The incidence of impaired fetal functional status in labor was not established in groups 1 and 2, in group 3, 4.2%, in group 4, 17.6%, and in group 5, 77.8% (p<0.001). Discussion. Clinical study data indicate the existence of a close relationship between the level of neurotrophic factors and the realization of fetal compensatory-adaptive capabilities in the presence of fetal hypoxia development factors in labor. Conclusion. The participation of BDNF and GDNF molecules in the regulation of fetal homeostasis under intrapartum exposure to stressors has been established. High levels of BDNF and GDNF provide fetal protection as part of an endogenous system of compensatory mechanisms in the regulation of fetal homeostasis.><0.001). Discussion. Clinical study data indicate the existence of a close relationship between the level of neurotrophic factors and the realization of fetal compensatory-adaptive capabilities in the presence of fetal hypoxia development factors in labor. Conclusion. The participation of BDNF and GDNF molecules in the regulation of fetal homeostasis under intrapartum exposure to stressors has been established. High levels of BDNF and GDNF provide fetal protection as part of an endogenous system of compensatory mechanisms in the regulation of fetal homeostasis.

1. Щербакова, Е. М. Демографические итоги I полугодия 2020 года в России (часть II) // Демоскоп Weekly. – 2020. – №. 869–870.

2. Кихтенко, Е. В. Постнатальная морфология гемато-энцефалического барьера при гипоксическом повреждении // Патологiя. – 2012. – Т. 3, № 26. – С. 1–3.

3. Сахарнова, Т. А. Нейротрофический фактор головного мозга (BDNF) и его роль в функционировании центральной нервной системы / Т. А. Сахарнова, М. В. Ведунова, И. В. Мухина // Нейрохимия. – 2012. – Т. 4. – С. 269–277.

4. Skaper, S. D. Neurotrophic Factors: An Overview // Methods Mol. Biol. United States. – 2018. – Vol. 1727. – P. 1–17.

5. Troponin-T levels in perinatally asphyxiated infants during the first 15 days of life / T. Güneś, M. A. Oztürk, S. M. Köklü [et al.] // Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). – 2005. – Vol. 11 (94). – Р. 1638–1643.

6. Попова, Н. К. Нейротрофические факторы (BDNF, GDNF) и серотонинергическая система мозга / Н. К. Попова, Т. В. Ильчибаева, В. С. Науменко // Биохимия. – 2017. – № 3 (82). – C. 449–459.

7. Адаптационная роль глиального нейротрофического фактора при ишемии головного мозга / Е. В. Митрошина, Б. Ж. Абогессименгане, М. Д. Уразов [и др.] // Современные технологии в медицине. – 2017. – № 1 (9). – C. 68–76.

8. Neurotrophins and glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor in the ovary: Physiological and pathophysiological implications / H. M. Chang, H. C. Wu, Z. G. Sun [et al.] // Hum. Reprod. Update. – 2019. – Vol. 25, № 2. – P. 224–242.

9. Neurobiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain / M. V. Johnston, W. H. Trescher, A. Ishida [et al.] // Pediatr. Res. – 2001. – Vol. 49, № 6. – P. 735–741.

10. Прогностическая значимость и терапевтический потенциал мозгового нейротрофическго фактора BDNF при повреждении головного мозга (обзор) / И. В. Острова, Н. В. Голубева, А. Н. Кузовлев, А. М. Голубев // Общая реаниматология. – 2019. – Т. 15, № 1. – С. 70–86.

11. Levels of brain derived neurotrophic factors across gestation in women with preeclampsia / V. D’Souza, V. Patil, H. Pisal [et al.] // Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. – 2014. – Vol. 37. – P. 36–40.

12. Определение концентрации нейротрофических факторов и нейрон-специфической енолазы в крови новорожденных с повреждениями центральной нервной системы как новый подход в клинической диагностике / М. В. Ведунова, К. А. Терентьева, Н. А. Щелчкова [и др.] // Современные технологии в медицине. – 2015. – Т. 7, № 2. – С. 25–30.

13. Участие эндоканнабиноидной системы в адаптации нейрон-глиальных сетей к факторам ишемии in vitro / Е. В. Митрошина, Т. А. Мищенко, Н. В. Воронова [и др.] // Современные технологии в медицине. – 2017. – Т. 9, № 4. – С. 66–75.

14. Роль определения мозгового нейротрофического фактора человека у детей с ММД / Г. Н. Федоров, В. Н. Григорьева, М. А. Константинова, В. Г. Федоров // Нейроиммунология. – 2004. – Т. 6, № 3–5. – С. 429.

15. Роль мозгового и глиального нейротрофических факторов при хронической внутриутробной кислородной депривации плода / Н. А. Щелчкова, А. А. Кокая, В. Ф. Беженарь [и др.] // Современные технологии в медицине. – 2020. – Т. 12, № 1. – С. 25–33.

16. The roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in predicting treatment remission in a Chinese Han population with generalized anxiety disorder / Z. Shen, J. Zhu, Y. Yuan [et al.] // Psychiatry Res. Elsevier B.V. – 2019. – Vol. 271. – P. 319–324.

17. Perinatal hypoxia as a risk factor for psychopathology later in life: the role of dopamine and neurotrophins / I. Giannopoulou, M. A. Pagida, D. D. Briana, M. T. Panayotacopoulou // Hormones. Hormones. – 2018. – Vol. 17, № 1. – P. 25–32.

18. Maternal supply of BDNF to mouse fetal brain through the placenta / I. Kodomari, E. Wada, S. Nakamura, K. Wada // Neurochem. Int. – 2009. – Vol. 54, № 2. – P. 95–98.

19. Stress during labor and delivery and early lactation performance / D. C. Chen, L. Nommsen-Rivers, К. G. Dewey, B. Lönnerdal // Am. J. Clin. Nutr. – 1998. – Vol. 68, № 2. – P. 335–344.

20. Хазипов, Р. Н. Окситоцин и физиологическая адаптация плода во во время родов / Р. Н. Хазипов, Р. А. Гиниатуллин // Казанский медицинский журнал. – 2011. – Т. 92, № 5. – С. 700–706.