The relevance of the study of mental disorders of late age is determined by modern socio-demographic conditions. The system approach makes it possible to clearly identify the structural components of severe cognitive disorders with the release of cognitive, psychopathological and socio-behavioral-functional disorders that make up a single dynamic symptom complex. Dimension ("measuring") approach to mental disorders contributes to the allocation of individual "objects" - painful for their scientific knowledge of the phenomena that on the one hand allows them to" measure " and rank, on the other hand, reduces the ability to assess the contribution to their occurrence of various factors and mechanisms. The article is presented in the genre of scientific discussion and actualizes epistemological problems in relation to mental disorders of late age.

Apathy is an universal phenomenon that is included as a component in depressive syndrome, a negative deficit symptom complex in schizophrenia, often occurs in cognitive disorders, and may has an independent pathophysiological basis. Attempts have been made to determine the clinical variants of apathy in degenerative diseases - in Alzheimer's disease and in case of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). The use of clinical, clinical-psychopathological, and neuropsychological methods made it possible to reveal that the clinical phenomena of apathy revealed in Alzheimer's disease and in case of Frontotemporal Dementia are different. The apathy observed in early-type Alzheimer's dementia was one of the symptoms of the depressive syndrome and was associated with impaired emotionally-affective processes. Apathy, found in patients with Frontotemporal Dementia, was a clinical option due to impaired cognitive processes.

The aging of the population, the increase in life expectancy, the growth of the subject activity of persons of older age groups on the one hand, the evolutionary normative decline in a number of cognitive functions, the expected growth of persons with cognitive problems determines the need to study cognitive functions at the stages of late ontogenesis taking into account the aging patterns of the central nervous system (CNS). A non-repetitive, selective, observational field study of changes in cognitive functions at the stages of late ontogenesis was carried out. Surveyed 148 workers aged from 27 to 74 years, all right-handed. Applied neuropsychological, statistical research methods. It was revealed that the performance of neuropsychological subtests as they age decrease unevenly, and also that young people coped better with the performance of grafomotor tests than their older colleagues. The results of this study are promising for the subsequent development of tools for the differential diagnosis of normal and pathological aging.

The article discusses the variety of risk factors for developmental language delay, among which neurobiological and genetic components play the most important role. The results of a comprehensive survey of 65 children aged from 2 up to 3 years with expressive language disorder (ICD 10: F 80.1) are presented. It is noted that as a result of factor analysis, four sets of factors can be identified that have pathogenetic significance from the level of critical risk to the level of low risk. The resulting groups of risk factors give the opportunity to form a complete opinion regarding the etiology of the developmental language delay and the necessary corrective and preventive measures.

In modern children's psychiatric practice, atypical antipsychotics, in particular risperidone, are increasingly being used, in connection with good tolerability and efficacy. In the study of patients with schizophrenic disorders at the age of 5 to 15 years who received risperidone, efficacy in the treatment of negative symptoms in 91.6% (n = 11) was observed. At the same time, adverse neuroendocrine effects were found. So, a statistically significant increase in prolactin was noted, the indices of which went beyond the permissible norm after 1 month of treatment and blood glucose, but its level did not exceed the permissible norm. Also, all patients had an increase in body weight and height.

The review summarizes the literature data on the predictors of symptomatic epilepsy in children with various developmental defects of the brain. It is noted that most mothers of children with epilepsy and malformations of the brain have complications in childbirth. In addition, features of the course and debut of epilepsy in children with various malformations of the brain are revealed. Possible predictors of symptomatic epilepsy in children with malformations of the brain are mutations in genes involved in the migration and proliferation of cortical neurons (LIS1, DCX, ARX, TUBA1A, RELN, FLNA, ARFGEF2, TSC1, TSC2).

86 adolescent patients, who are on inpatient involuntary treatment, were studied. It was determined that the leading data from minors are mentally retarded and organic mental disorders, schizophrenia and personality disorders were isolated. Analysis of socially dangerous actions showed that the predominant property offenses were committed as a rule in the band and on several episodes. The greatest dependence types of offenses with mental disorders have provided substance abuse, namely, substance abuse, most of the offense committed in a state of intoxication (alcohol, toxic, narcotic). Substance Abuse had expressed connection with the arson and intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm. Serious offenses - murder, single repeated robberies committed by patients with schizophrenia. And personality disorder had quite a strong bond as with the structure of an organic disorder, psychopathy as a group theft, single looting, robberies and thefts. Immaturity volitional components of mental reactions in mentally retarded adolescents led to the predominance of offenses as acts of hooliganism and rape.

Motivational and semantic component of subjective (internal) picture of disease (SPD) in patients with ischemic heart disease is seen from psychosomatic approach that adopted in the Russian clinical psychology and psychology of corporeality. The results of clinical psychological diagnostic survey of participants of studied group (patients with ischemic heart disease) and control group (employees of airport ground services), have shown the central mechanism of disturbances within SPD and the main targets of psychotherapeutic assistance were identified.

The objective: Studying the relationship between depression and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods: A total of 69 women aged over 57 with arterial hypertension stage II-III were examined. The subjects were distributed: 1st group - 35 women with sinus rhythm, the second - 34 women with AF. Quantitative data with a normal distribution were assessed using Student's t-test. In assessing the psychological status, the hospital anxiety and depression HADS scale were used. The qualitative variables were compared using Pearson's test. The association of the level of depression with AF was estimated by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). In order to detect hidden, common factors explaining the relationship between depression and AF, a factor analysis was performed. Results: The frequency of clinically severe depression in the group of patients with AF was significantly higher (, p = 0.003). The assessment of the effect of depression on the development of AF in patients with a subclinical level of depression, OR was 0.76 (with 95% CI from 0.26 to 2.26; p> 0.05), in patients with clinically pronounced levels of depression - 9.0 (with 95% CI from 1.88 to 44.18; p <0.05). The factor analysis revealed that depression contributes to the development of AF in patients with hypertension. Conclusion: The psychological status of women with hypertension and AF, clinically severe depression was observed in 35.3% of patients. Chance to meet with AF in patients with clinically severe depression is 9 times higher than in patients with subclinical depression. Factor analysis showed that in 7.01% of cases, depression contributes to the development of AF in patients with hypertension.

The analysis of indicators of reactive and personal anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was carried out. The study included 51 men whose age was 59.43 ± 8.66 years. The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers, whose average age was 54.5 ± 3.6 years. It has been established that patients with coronary artery disease who have undergone CABG surgery compared with the control group are characterized by a higher level of personal anxiety, whereas the values of the level of reactive anxiety were comparable in these groups. It was found that comorbidity affects the heterogeneity of reactive and personal anxiety indicators in patients after CABG surgery.

A study was made on the relationship between the disorders of depressive spectrum and the properties of the value sphere and coping strategies of behavior in individuals with oncological diseases, which revealed the characteristics of the person, the value sphere, coping strategies of behavior in individuals whose personality functions in the situation of cancer. The profile of the value characteristics, the range of coping strategies in people with depressive spectrum disorders against the background of cancer, is compiled.

The results of monitoring of alcohol consumption by adolescents in rural areas of the Sverdlovsk region will allow to objectively assess the level of alcoholism, to identify the main motives of alcohol consumption and the age interval of their initiation to alcohol.

The results of the study of alcohol consumption by workers of working age of the Sverdlovsk region will reveal the main motives of alcohol consumption, the age interval of initiation to alcohol and their awareness of the dangers of alcoholism

The article presents a review of modern literature, reflecting the idea of the mechanisms of the emergence and development of mental disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A brief historical insight into the study of GERD is presented. Reflected data of epidemiological studies of GERD in the world. The modern theories of the mechanisms of development of mental disorders in GERD are considered. Much attention is devoted to the role of perinatal damage of the central nervous system (CNS), which provides autonomic dysfunction in GERD in childhood. Also, there is information about the stress-diathesis model explaining the contribution of anxiety and depression to the formation of mental disorders in GERD.

The article presents a review of modern literature, reflecting the idea of the mechanisms of the emergence and development of mental disorders in atopic dermatitis (AtD). A brief historical excursion of studying the issue of AtD is presented. The data of epidemiological studies of AtD in the world is presented. The modern theories of the mechanisms of the development of mental disorders in AtD are considered. Much attention is devoted to the role of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), which provides autonomic dysfunction in children with AtD. Also, information is presented on the stress-diathesis model explaining the contribution of anxiety and depression to the formation of mental disorders in AtD.

A particular feature of modernity is the growing need to improve the quality of the results of labor in all spheres of production activity. Professional competence of a specialist, including professional knowledge and skills acquired in the process of all production activities, starting from the period of study at the university, determines the achievement of high professional goals. An internal resource is the intense need-motivational tone of a specialist. The results of a randomized, comparative study of the structure of motivation of doctors for professional activity and the structure of motivation for vocational training of students at a medical college revealed a difference in the motivational profile.

This article deals with the main theoretical aspects of the problem of the relationship between the self-relationship of the individual and aggression. The authors on the basis of theoretical analysis have suggested that no-aggressive students should have some special features of the structure of the self-relationship. To test the hypothesis of the study and study the peculiarities of the structure of self-relation in low-aggressive students, an exploratory factor analysis was used. Through varimax rotation, three factors that the authors defined as ”I am O.K.” were revealed, a contemplative position and positive authenticity. The first one was called ”I am O.K”, with a total variance of 2.89. This factor includes such indicators as reflected self-attitude (0.925), selfincrimination (-0.904), a negative indicator indicates that such people are not inclined to self-blame, and self-worth (0.886). The second factor was called the contemplative position, with a total variance of 2.15. This factor includes such indicators as self-guidance (-0.914), internal conflict (-0.817) indicating the lack of self-management and the presence of internal conflict, and openness (0.716). The third factor is called positive authenticity, with a total variance of 2.78. This factor includes such indicators as self-attachment (0.930), self-confidence (0.881), self-acceptance (0.774). In the course of the research, the hypothesis that low-aggressive students are more characteristic of a low level of self-incrimination has been confirmed.

The article considers medical stress as a special phenomenon having both physiological and psychological characteristics. As a result of literature review and theoretical analysis, some biological and psychological factors of stress reactions in children during pathological processes and medical manipulations are differentiated. The influence of medical stress on further mental development and the risk of destructive personal changes is considered. The approaches to overcoming medical stress in children under outpatient or inpatient treatment are analyzed. Psychological technologies effective for the formation of effective coping strategies are described.

Introduction: The development of new preventive approaches using medical and psychological counseling and distance technologies may contribute to better control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (RF CVD). Aim: Evaluating the effectiveness of medical and psychological counseling using remote technologies for control and correction of the main RF CVD. Materials and methods: The study included 140 patients, average age was 53 ± 17 years (54% were men) who were included in the group of medical and psychological counseling using remote technologies (experimental group, n = 70) or in the group of standard care (control group, n = 70). At the beginning and end of the study, patients from both groups filled in specially created questionnaires. Patients of the experimental group received regular remote medical and psychological counseling by phone; information materials via internet messengers; SMS reminders. In 12 months, the severity of RF CVD in two groups was compared. Results: Medical and psychological counseling with the use of remote technologies during 12 months led to significant improvement in RF CVD: achievement of target blood pressure (p <0.01), physical activity (p <0.01), consumption of 400 g per day of vegetables and fruits (p <0.01), decrease in body mass index (p <0.001) and waist circumference (p <0.01), decrease in cholesterol level (p <0.01), in a subgroup of smoking patients - reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day. There were no statistically significant differences in blood glucose and volume of consumed alcoholic beverages between groups. Conclusions: Medical and psychological counseling of patients with cardiovascular diseases using remote technologies (telephone calls, internet messengers, SMS reminders) can be an effective tool for monitoring and correcting various RF CVD.

Despite the improvement of epidemiological indicators for tuberculosis, the reservoir of specific nosology is preserved. With the involvement of the child in the educational system, the range of his communication increases and, together with it, the probability of infection of the child with ILD and the disease with primary forms of tuberculosis increases. Objective: to characterize the structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis in children 4-11 years for the period 2001-2015 in the Omsk region. Materials and methods. The study is retrospective, with the inclusion of 609 children aged 4 to 11 years who received inpatient treatment from 2001 to 2015. The structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis was compared with the allocation of extrapulmonary forms in a temporal aspect. In the comparative periods there were no significant gender differences, the inhabitants of the village prevailed. Results and discussion. The structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis in patients aged 4-11 years is represented by tuberculosis of respiratory organs up to 92-98% of cases in preschool children and 89-92% of cases in children 7-11 years old and with time the proportion of TBL decreased, and the proportion of PTC increased, at the level of 3-7%. Isolated extrapulmonary tuberculosis was registered less frequently, mainly the urinary system suffered, children aged 4-6 years were ill with isolated forms at a frequency of 1% to 9% of cases. The generalized form of the process among children aged 4-6 years increased from 2% to 7%, and among 7-11 years - from 3% to 7% of all cases of tuberculosis, more often there was a combined lesion of organs with pulmonary tissue. Conclusions. On the territory of the region in the period from 2001 to 2015 in children 4-11 years old with tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the respiratory organs prevailed in the structure of clinical forms, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis did not lose its importance and from the moment of introduction into practice CT influenced the structure of the generalized form of the process.

Prion diseases constitute a very specific group of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite many years of studies, little avail was achieved in terms of effective treatment. This review focuses on the data acquired throughout continuous studies, both common for prion diseases as a group and specific for most prominent variants, as well as possible approaches to prophylaxis and treatment of said diseases.

In a person living in the modern world, the muscles that allow you to hold the necessary position at the time of Commission, some action or otherwise stabilizers are often poorly developed. In this regard, patients often complain of pain or limited mobility in the neck and lower back, lower limb joints, posture. This is due to the fact that the muscles of the back and lower limbs are not able to properly hold the body to maintain balance. In addition, it should be remembered that in order to achieve a positive effect in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the use of exercises for muscle stabilizers in therapeutic physical training, which make up our core and frame, is advisable taking into account the level of training of the patient and his age. For elderly and senile patients and children under 10 years of age, it is desirable to use simplified variations of exercises, as well as a fixed trajectory when performing these exercises. As you improve your exercise technique, you can begin to use unstable support in simple exercises, training in unstable conditions limits the activity of antagonist muscles and increases the activity of synergists, which leads to more effective coordination of muscle groups in specific conditions. With the help of gymnastics on an unstable support, those deep muscles are involved, which were not included either in static or in dynamics, which positively affects their tone and physical qualities. In addition, it is desirable to use other devices and various weights (dumbbells, bodybar). That is why, well-developed muscle stabilizers are very important to improve treatment results. The article presents data on the function of muscle stabilizers and exercise to help determine the effectiveness of muscle stabilizers in patients with dorsopathies.

The international clinical analysis of the treatment of topical issues - failure of the anal sphincter, which has not only medical but also social value is presented. The comparative analysis of effectiveness of suggested above operating methods and modern approaches of different surgical methods of anal incontinence correction was conducted.

The article assesses the value of diagnostic methods for patients with non-parasitic hepatic cysts, justifies the tactics of patient management based on the results of the immediate postoperative period. Materials and methods: an analysis of the observation and treatment of 64 patients with non-parasitic liver cysts is presented, the immediate results of surgical treatment are reflected. Results: Ultasound investigation is noninvasive procedure with high value of diagnostic possibility. The use of laparoscopic operations reduces the time of treatment in the hospital, minimizing the value of complications. External drainage reduces the number of postoperative complications and the duration of treatment of the patients with infectious complications of non-parasitic hepatic cysts. Conclusions: the optimal method for diagnosing this pathology is CT. The use of external drainage of nonparasitic hepatic cysts under the control of medical imaging methods is preferable in the presence of infectious complications. Endovideosurgical treatment of non-parasitic hepatic cysts has the least number of postoperative complications. Open operations remain relevant in the presence of difficulties in the differential diagnosis.

The study examined the developmental status of children with dysplasia of the urinary system aged 6 to 10 years with a duration of the disease from 1 month to 5 years. Based on the findings of the study, the results as a whole confirmed the working hypothesis that the physical state of children with MS pathology and its anthropo- and physiometric components is sensitive to the control effect in the form of PH equipment in the year and three-year periods.

The influence of water with gas nanobubbles on the condition and biochemical parameters of blood of rats in conditions of hypercaloric diet and experimental diabetes was studied. The beneficial effect of water with gas nanobubbles on rats in conditions of a reduced-calorie diet and streptozocin and experimental alloxan diabetes is observed. In rats, which were on an unbalanced diet, including excess fat and carbohydrates, the use of water with nanobubbles maintains a balance in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin, helps to reduce the weight and amount of cholesterol in the serum. In rats with experimental diabetes, the intake of treated water by rats, in the absence of hypoglycemic therapy, leads to a decrease in glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. The effect of water intake is more pronounced in rats with alloxan diabetes. The action of the gas nanobubbles similarly the action of drugs-antioxidants.

The aim. To assess the course of early postoperative period on base of clinical research methods after conduction of the surgical stage of treatment to deepen the vestibule of the mouth on toothless lower jaw before prosthetics. Methods. 26 patients were operated in the elderly and senile age with the complete absence of teeth in the mandible by the Clark’s method of deepen the vestibule of the mouth cavity. Patients in the main group (13 people) the wound surface during the operation was closed by the drug “Clipgent gel” on the base of hyaluronic acid, the wound surface of patients from the control group (13 people) kept opened. Results. On the base of this research methods as the assessment of intensity of pain with verbal description of pain scale, clinical evaluation of the general state of patients and local status of post-operate wound after operation showed the significant differences in the regeneration of the wound. The analysis of dynamics of local temperature change in comparison with symmetrical area testifies the inflammatory reaction in the area of post-operative wound during 5 days in patients of the control group, but in patients of the main group the inflammatory temperature asymmetry was reduced or fully disappeared on the 5th day. Conclusion. The close of postoperative wound defect by «Clipdent-gel» on the base of hyaluronic acid during open methods of deepen the vestibule of mouth reduces the pain in postoperative wound significantly, reduces the inflammatory reaction and stimulate the epithelialization period.

The influence of ball milling on the structure and biological activity of creatine and creatinine in relation to buccal epithelial cells and erythrocytes was studied. Mechanoactivation of creatine and creatinine does not change the type of crystal lattice, thus changing the lattice parameters. When creatine is mechanically activated, the steric position of the nitrogen-containing part of the molecule changes. The new structural state of the creatine molecule is unstable and breaks down after a few days in the powder sample, and the aqueous solution after 15 minutes. Ball milling leads to tautomeric transformation of a molecule of creatinine. It is revealed the interrelation of microelectrophoretic mobility with: 1) chemical structure of molecules: molecules with-N= and OH - groups and a large number of double bonds showed a slightly higher activity compared to tautomers with -NH and C=O groups; 2) charge state of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in molecules: increasing the charge on the nitrogen atom and lowering the charge on the oxygen atom is accompanied by an increase in the activity of cells in aqueous solutions of substances; 3) increased hydrophobicity and, consequently, lipo-philicity of molecules of the dissolved substance leads to an increase the cells activity in the solution; 4) it is possible that the greatest activity of cells is shown in solutions having electrical conductivity in the region of ~80-90 См; in solutions with lower (~25См) and higher (~120См) electrical conductivity the activity of cells is lower; it is possible that this effect is associated with the peculiarities of the interaction of charged functional groups of different nature with the cell membrane.

The aim of the study was to study the role of fibrosis markers (galectin - 3 and NT-proBNP) in stratification of atrial fibrillation risk in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with extracardial diseases. Materials and methods. In a prospective cohort study, 140 men aged 35-65 years with hypertension and AF (paroxysmal and persistent form), 57 - AH, AF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 83 patients with hypertension, AF without comorbidity (control) were observed. Serum galectin-3 and NT-proBNP levels were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Anthropometry, lipid spectrum and Echocardiography studies were performed for all examined patients. Results. The level of galectin-3 in blood serum of patients with AF and COPD was higher-36.02 ng / ml. than in the control group-19.23 ng / ml, p=0.001. The average level of NT-proBNP in all the study group was significantly higher and amounted to 123.8 PG / ml, p<0.001, compared with the control group 67.99 PG / ml. Conclusion. Markers of fibrosis galectin-3 and NT-proBNP in serum of patients with atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are higher than in patients with atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension