Introduction. The spread of such a tropical infection as dengue fever (DF) is increasing in Russia. The increase in the number of imported cases is due to the general unfavorable situation of dengue in the world, the expansion of the range of the mosquito vector and the growing tourist flow to endemic regions. Repeated infection with different serotypes of the virus can lead to a severe course of the disease with manifestations of shock and hemorrhagic syndrome. Given this, the risk of developing severe dengue increases among tourists who repeatedly visit endemic countries.

Purpose of the study is to characterize the epidemiological and clinical features of imported cases of DF in the Sverdlovsk Region with a Sensor for increasing alertness regarding the current infection.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 13 cases of DF was performed on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital No. 40 in Ekaterinburg. Statistical data processing was carried out with the calculation of median, upper and lower quartiles, Mann-Whitney criterion, Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results. Cases of DF in the Sverdlovsk Region fit into the moderate form of the disease, however, a significant proportion of patients have warning signs: bleeding, hemorrhagic rash, moderate thrombocytopenia. Laboratory confirmation was obtained in 11/13 patients (84.62 %), four ELISA detected class G antibodies within 7 days of the onset of the disease, which may indicate reinfection.

This article analyzes qualitative aspects of postmortem examination at crime scenes. Investigating deaths is a critical part of forensic medicine, aiding in determining the cause of death and assessing injuries. The study explores key elements of forensic experts’ work during scene investigations, focusing on legal compliance and practical methods to ensure reliable forensic reports.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of forensic medical experts’ work during crime scene investigations utilizing digital tools, in compliance with current regulatory legal acts governing expert practice, with the aim of developing measures to enhance forensic procedures.

Materials and methods. 108 protocols of crime scene examinations conducted from 2017 to 2025 in the Sverdlovsk Region and other subjects of the Russia were analyzed, of which 45 cases involved an assessment of the quality of expert activities based on the basic version of digital technology (up to 1 September 2024), and 63 cases used a modified version of digital technology.

Results. A comparative analysis of the activities of forensic medical experts in group I (2017–2024) and group II (2024–2025) showed that the quality of on-site corpse examinations has improved due to changes in the regulatory framework for expert activities at the level of the Russia: the indicator of the required number of manipulations has increased 3‑fold or more, and the coefficient for the quality of performance and description of methods has increased by an average of 37 %. Practical recommendations have been formulated for optimizing the process of examining a corpse at the discovery site through the use of a quality control system for the examination.

Materials and methods. A single-center, prospective, observational study from 2005 to 2019 included 38 patients with lower rectocele and the need for manual assistance during defecation, who underwent rectovaginal septum plastic surgery with local tissues in the proctology department of the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1. All women underwent defecography, Cleveland Clinic Constipation Scale (Wexner Scale) and SF‑36 questionnaires before and 3 years after surgery.

Results. After 3 years, defecography data showed that rectocele was detected in 11/38 (29.0 %) patients. The anorectal resting zone position index decreased from 35.0 [30.0; 40.0] mm to 30.0 [30.0; 34.8] mm (p < 0.001), and the anorectal straining zone index decreased from 55.0 [50.0; 60.0] mm to 41.0 [40.0; 55.0] mm (p < 0.001). 3/38 (7.9 %) women returned to the need for manual assistance during defecation. The Cleveland Clinic Constipation Scale score decreased from 9 to 7 points (p < 0.001). Six of the eight SF‑36 scales showed no changes. The scores of the «Pain Intensity» and «Social Functioning» scales decreased from 74.7 (22.4) to 52.5 (27.2) (p = 0.001) 3 years after the correction, respectively.

Conclusion. Rectovaginal septum plastic surgery with local tissues in patients with grades 2–3 lower rectocele 3 years after the surgery leads to the preservation of the anatomical result and improvement of the rectal emptying function in most women, while the quality of life indicators do not increase.

Introduction. Hemorrhoids are accompanied by impaired microcirculation. Modern treatment methods require  an assessment of the microvasculature.

Purpose is to evaluate the efficacy and determine the optimal parameters of laser destruction in patients with stage III hemorrhoids based on microcirculation indicators.

Materials and methods. The study included 80 patients: the main group was divided into 3 subgroups of 20 persons each with stage III hemorrhoids, and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). The main group was divided depending on the power of laser destruction. Microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Results. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry showed the best results at a power of 8 W.

Discussion. The use of laser radiation at a power of 8 W provides faster recovery of microcirculation.

Conclusion. Laser destruction of hemorrhoids contributes to the restoration of microcirculation, with the best results achieved at a power of 8 W.

Objective is to describe the epidemiological situation of scabies among the population of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of scabies in has been carried out from statistical form No. 9 «Information on sexually transmitted infections and contagious skin diseases» for 2015–2024 from Microsoft Excel (USA) and StatTech (Russia). The results are presented in relative terms: the incidence rate per 100,000 population and the structure as a percentage.

Results. For 2015–2018 there is a downward trend in the incidence of scabies in the population, and for 2018–2024 there is an increase. High rates of scabies incidence were registered among the city residents (84 %). In the age structure of patients, more than 50 % are over the age of 18. Women account for 52 % of patients and boys account for 53 % of children. People over 40 years of age (27,6 %) and children from 0 to 14 years of age (37,4 %) predominate among those with scabies. In 40,0 % of cases, scabies was registered in preschoolers and schoolchildren.

Discussion. The increase in morbidity rates, with a predominance of children and people over 40 years of age in the republic, is a reflection of the instability of the epidemiological situation, which creates prerequisites for strengthening existing and introducing new preventive strategies.

Conclusion. The problem of scabies remains relevant due to the high prevalence of infection, which indicates the importance of anti-epidemic and therapeutic measures.

Introduction. In most countries, the prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) is 1–2 %, but in Russia, its prevalence is significantly higher — 7.6 %. MOH causes social maladaptation of patients, reduces the quality of life and increases the economic burden of healthcare due to frequent visits and the cost of diagnosis and treatment. It is necessary to analyse the factors associated with the development of MOH to prevent its development.

Objective is to provide up-to-date data on the factors associated with the development of MOH based on a literature review.

Materials and methods. The information was searched in the following databases: CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (in Russian and English). Keywords used: medication overuse headache; medication overuse; MOH risk factors. The evaluation of publications was carried out for the period from 2006 to 2025.

Results and discussion. At the time of publication, the factors known to be associated with the development of MOH included: female gender; age 30–50 years; absence of high education and low socio-economic status; marital status «divorced»; the presence of migraine; the previous headache frequency 7–14 days per month; skin allodynia; family history of MOH and (or) substance use disorder; the presence of pain of other localization; metabolic syndrome; low level of physical activity; intestinal dysbiosis; the presence of dependence; anxiety, depression or other psychiatric diseases; cognitive impairments.

Conclusion. In the prevention of medication-overuse headache, it is necessary to consider factors associated with its development, as described in this review.

Preeclampsia is not just an obstetric complication, but a systemic cardiometabolic stress test that reveals hidden risks to maternal and child health for decades to come. Recognized as one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, preeclampsia goes far beyond the gestational period: it is a powerful predictor of future diseases in women, as well as a risk factor for developmental disorders, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension in offspring. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of risk factors and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern approaches to prevention and treatment, as well as the socio-economic burden of preeclampsia on the healthcare system and society. Special attention is paid to the formation of an interdisciplinary management model for such patients, including the principles of lifelong follow-up. Preeclampsia requires rethinking: from episodic obstetric intervention to a strategy for long-term health care for two generations. This dictates the need for close cooperation between obstetricians and gynecologists, cardiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists and therapists to form a unified life strategy for protecting women’s health. Its consequences are systemic and prolonged, which makes it one of the key problems not only in obstetrics, but also in healthcare in general.

The causes and types of complications in traumatology and orthopedics following conservative and surgical treatment in patients with comorbid pathology consistently attract the attention of specialists in this field. Therefore, the objective was set – to analyze and systematize data from contemporary literature on the influence of gene polymorphism and comorbid pathology on the development of complications during the treatment of lower limb bone injuries. During the review, it was determined that complications in traumatology are determined by both treatment methods and the presence of comorbid conditions in patients. It has been established that the polymorphism of certain genes can have a significant impact on the fracture healing process and the overall course of the post-traumatic period. The study identifies genes associated with connective tissue disorders, including collagenopathies and rheumatic diseases, such as HLA-DR4, HLA-DRB1, COL1A1, and COL1A2. Also discussed are genetic markers linked to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (SOD2, GAD1), arterial hypertension (GRK, PLCG2), disorders of vitamin D metabolism (VDR, GC, CYP27B1), and thromboembolic complications (FGB). Despite identifying numerous genes that could potentially influence the occurrence of complications, we concluded that to date, there is no convincing evidence of a consistent genetic predisposition, which necessitates further in-depth research in this area.

Introduction. The growing volume of data across diverse fields demands innovative analytical approaches, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a pivotal tool. In forensic medicine, neural networks are increasingly being adopted to improve the precision and efficiency of examinations. However, challenges persist, including algorithm validation, reliability assurance, and adherence to ethical standards.

Aim of work is to examine modern applications of AI in forensic medical examination and related fields, focusing on literature from the past decade (2015–2024).

Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of scientific publications from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka was conducted, prioritizing recent studies (2015–2024), with less than 5 % of sources dating back to 2008–2014.

Results and discussion. Key applications of neural networks in forensic medicine include: individual identification (via skull, dental records, and DNA), injury analysis (mechanism, timing, and cause of death), biometric data processing (facial recognition, skull-based facial reconstruction), and statistical analysis of medical data to uncover hidden patterns. Despite their potential, limitations such as the need for robust validation, legal compliance, and ethical considerations hinder widespread adoption.

Conclusion. AI technologies show significant promise in improving the speed and precision of forensic examinations. However, further research is needed to address existing challenges and ensure their reliable integration into expert practice.

Introduction. Local ischemia of the proximal femur leads to partial or complete destruction of the growth zone. When the proximal growth plate is blocked, complex specific deformities develop in the proximal femur. Restoration of altered anatomical and morphological relationships of the hip joint and improvement of biomechanical conditions of the hip joint functioning make it possible to delay the onset of coxarthrosis or slow its progression. This article presents an analysis of foreign and domestic literature. It shows the main problems of the etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic deformations and presents all-known classifications, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment techniques.

Purpose of the review is analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources: clarification of etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment options.

Materials and methods. The search for material was conducted in open literary sources: eLibrary.ru, PubMed, Google Scholar (1969–2025).

Results and discussion. Deformations of the proximal femur and femoral head contribute to the early development of coxarthrosis in young patients and children. Extra-articular and intra-articular surgical techniques for the treatment of patients with ischemic deformities of the proximal femur are aimed at restoring the geometry of the proximal femur and preventing early hip artroplasty.

Conclusion. Currently, there is no single standard for surgical treatment of children with ischemic deformities of the proximal femur and head.