Introduction. Preeclampsia (PE) is serious complication of gestation, the central place in the pathogenesis of which is placental dysfunction. The similarity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic arterial hypertension (CAH) and PE determines interest in studying the morphological features of placentas in these patients.

Materials and methods. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) study of placentas was performed, assessing expression levels of VEGF, PlGF, angiotensinogen. Group 1 included placentas from women with CAH (n = 24), Group 2 — from women with CAH and PE (SPE) (n = 26), and Group 3 included placentas from patients without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (n = 20).

Results. Histological examination revealed statistically significant increase in the incidence of decidual arteriopathy (p = 0.007) and villous edema (p = 0.005) in Group 2 compared with Group 1. Group 1 had significantly higher incidence of villous necrosis (p = 0.005) and fibrinoid deposition (p = 0.016) compared with Group 3. When assessing expression level of IHC markers, highest levels of VEGF and PlGF expression were observed in group of patients without HDP (p_{1 : 3} < 0.0001 and p_{2 : 3} < 0.0001), while level of angiotensinogen expression, in contrast, was lower in pregnant women from Group 3 (p_{1 : 3} < 0.0001 and p_{2 : 3} < 0.0001). The expression levels of VEGF, PlGF, and angiotensinogen were statistically significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.0001).

Discussion. This study demonstrates different morphological profiles of placental tissue in CAH and SPE: isolated CAH is characterized by signs of chronic placental insufficiency, while SPE is dominated by markers of acute endotheliopathy and impaired placentation. IHC data demonstrate dysregulated angiogenesis and vasoconstriction in placenta, as well as significant endothelial dysfunction in HDP. 

Introduction. The integration of digital sports with classical sports is a new direction in the development of digital sports. An example of such integration is phygital aikido.

The purpose of the study is to provide a hygienic assessment of the organization of phygital aikido training and the dynamics of athletes’ functional state over a period of one year.

Materials and methods. A prospective study of the organization of the training process and the functional state of 25 phygital aikido athletes (mean age — (16.7±0.2) years) was conducted over a period of one year. The indicators studied were the duration, structure, the dynamics of heart rate and mental performance, and the level of lactate in the blood.

Results. The duration of the training sessions ranged from 46 to 71 minutes, with a warm-up, a main part that included a fidget-game component (average of 6.8 minutes) and a tachi-match (average of 17 minutes), and a cool-down. The athletes’ heart rates increased during both the fidget-game and the tachi-match. By the end of the academic year, there was a statistically significant decrease in heart rate during both the fidget game and the tatami fight, as well as a decrease in lactate levels from 11.0 mmol/L to 7.7 mmol/L. At the beginning of the academic year, there was a decrease in mental performance, but it increased in subsequent observations.

Conclusion. The fidget component can be recommended in training as an active rest and simulation preparation for more successful combat on the tatami. 

Introduction. Interest in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is driven by the need to develop and make available effective pharmacotherapy aimed at correcting cardiovascular diseases. However, endometrial elements of reproductive-aged patients also express all RAAS components responsible for stimulating angiogenesis, proliferation, and cell migration in the normal endometrium. When activated and overexpressed, the RAAS can promote abnormal cell proliferation and the spread of atypical cells, which is characteristic of endometrial carcinomas. Literary data on this topic are scarce and contradictory, so studying the specific features of local RAAS function in precancerous and malignant endometrial pathology is relevant.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the specific features of the local uterine RAAS in various types of glandular hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in a comparative perspective.

Materials and methods. This study involved a retrospective, non-randomized, single-stage analysis of uterine mucosal biopsies from patients with endometrial precancerous and cancerous conditions using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The results were then analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods.

Results. Statistically significant levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and progesterone expression were found, characteristic of the normal endometrium, the uterine mucosa with hyperplasia, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. These results correlate with published data, although the modulation of ACE2 expression by progesterone requires further detailed study.

Conclusion. The results of this study can serve as a basis for the development of software algorithms for personalized care of patients with precancerous and neoplastic diseases. 

Objective is to comprehensively study serum and homogenate levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1), and type I procollagen propeptide (PICP) in patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) to assess their diagnostic and pathogenetic significance, as well as their correlation with clinical and morphological parameters.

Materials and methods. A prospective case-control study was conducted. The main group consisted of 25 patients with PROM and preterm birth at 22–33 6 weeks. The control group consisted of 50 women with term births at 37–41 6 weeks. MMP-9, TIMP-1, and PICP levels were determined in blood serum and homogenate supernatant with ELISA.

Results. Patients with PROM showed a statistically significant imbalance in the MMP-9/TIMP-1 system compared to the control group. The median MMP-9 level was higher in the main group — 50.52 ng/mL versus 43.67 ng/ mL (p < 0.050), while the TIMP-1 level was lower — 44.74 ng/mL versus 51.15 ng/mL (p < 0.050). The MMP-9/TIMP-1 index was significantly higher in the PROM group (1.13 vs. 0.85; p < 0.010). The PICP level showed mixed dynamics. A direct relationship was found between the MMP-9/TIMP-1 index and the presence of histological chorioamnionitis (r = 0.670; p < 0.050).

Conclusion. The obtained data indicate a systemic imbalance in proteolysis in PROM, correlating with local inflammation. Combined analysis of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and PICP in serum and membranes represents a promising tool for assessing the risk and understanding the pathogenesis of PROM. 

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new iodoglycoside complex — iodostevioside — on the level of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood serum of rats with experimental iodine deficiency hypothyroidism.

Materials and methods. Thyroid status and the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in the blood serum of three groups (experimental, control and main) of rats with iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism induced by thiamazole and intact ones. Intact and experimental animals were sacrificed on day 22. The remaining animals were kept in a vivarium for another 30 days: the control group received a standard diet, while the experimental group additionally received a new iodoglycoside complex based on stevioside.

Results indicated that thiamazole induced hypothyroidism in rats, with a statistically significant decrease in serum thyroid hormone levels and a twofold increase in thyrotropin. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in hypothyroid animals increased statistically significantly; interleukin 4 remained unchanged; interleukin 10 decreased, leading to a predominance of proinflammatory cytokines. During the 30-day recovery period, positive dynamics in the studied parameters were observed in the control group of rats. Administration of iodine stevioside to the animals in the main group during the 30-day rehabilitation period led to normalization of thyroid hormone levels and restoration of cytokine balance. The ratio of the sum of proinflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory ones (cytokine balance) in intact rats was 2.261; in experimental rats — 3.229; in control rats — 2.982; in rats of the main group — 2.266. 

Introduction. Thoracic endometriosis is a rare and insufficiently studied form of extrapelvic endometriosis. A lack of awareness among physicians in non-gynecological specialties leads to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management. The disease can present with life-threatening conditions, including catamenial pneumothorax and hemoptysis, which significantly impair the quality of life for patients of reproductive age. Currently, there are no unified clinical guidelines for the optimal management of these patients, necessitating the accumulation and dissemination of clinical experience.

Aim is to describe a rare clinical case of thoracic endometriosis with lung involvement in a 34-year-old patient, presenting as catamenial pneumothorax.

Materials and methods. Medical documentation was used, including specialists’ reports and data from comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examinations of the patient.

Results and discussion. A detailed analysis of a clinical case of thoracic endometriosis was conducted. The patient’s subjective complaints, objective symptoms, diagnostic methods, and features of conservative and surgical treatment were examined.

Conclusion. This paper describes a rare case of thoracic endometriosis with recurrent catamenial pneumothorax, illustrating significant diagnostic challenges and the limitations of standard therapy. This example highlights the systemic nature of endometriosis and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to individualize treatment and provide dynamic follow-up for patients. 

This article presents the results of immunohistochemical studies on the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as markers of proliferation and apoptosis (Ki-67, PCNA, Bcl-2, Bax, CD95) in uterine fibroid and endometrial tissues. Additional growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and the neovascularization marker CD34, are described. Their roles in predicting proliferative activity and fibroid growth are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the correlation between pathological changes in uterine fibroids and the endometrium for assessing the potential of minimally invasive diagnostic methods in monitoring fibroid dynamics.

Objective is based on the analysis of Russian and international literature, the study aims to outline promising and underexplored pathogenetic mechanisms of uterine fibroid development, investigate the relationship between molecular markers of proliferation and apoptosis in fibroid and endometrial tissues, and evaluate their significance for predicting fibroid growth and developing personalized therapeutic approaches.

Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted for publications related to immunohistochemical and molecular-biological processes in uterine fibroids from 2011 to 2024. The search was performed in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and eLibrary.ru. 

Background. Fibular hemimelia (FH) is a congenital anomaly in which part or all of the fibula is hypoplastic, dysplastic, or absent, associated with a wide range of abnormalities of the affected limb. FH is a challenging problem in pediatric orthopedics.

The aim of the study is to present the fundamentals of pathogenesis, diagnostic options, and surgical and conservative treatment approaches for children with FH, based on an analysis of scientific literature.

Materials and methods. The search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary.ru databases for publications using the following keywords: fibular hemimelia, fibular ectromelia, longitudinal ectromelia, congenital absence of the fibula, postaxial anomaly, and congenital longitudinal deficiency. Due to the rarity of this disease, the search depth was 70 years.

Results and discussion. An analysis of the publications revealed that there is currently no consensus on the surgical orthopedic treatment strategy for children with FH. The main questions raised by orthopedic surgeons: to perform early amputation or reconstructive orthopedic interventions? when to begin reconstructive orthopedic treatment on the affected limb? at what age and how much should a limb be lengthened during the first lengthening?

Conclusion. Currently, interdisciplinary care and age-appropriate management involving an obstetrician/gynecologist, orthopedist, psychologist, rehabilitation specialist, occupational and physical therapist, nursing staff, and orthotist/prosthetist are essential for the successful treatment of patients with FH. Reconstructive orthopedic treatment should be individualized, taking into account the severity of the anomaly, the patient’s age, and the family’s motivation and psychological readiness for treatment. 

Introduction. Distal radius fractures (DRF) are often combined with injuries to the ligaments of the wrist joint (TFCC, SLL). These combined injuries frequently remain undiagnosed, leading to chronic pain and dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to systematize current data on the diagnosis and treatment of DRF fractures associated with ligament injuries.

Materials and methods. A systematic literature search (2000–2024) was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary.ru databases using keywords related to DMER fractures and ligament injuries. 73 publications (clinical studies, reviews, guidelines) met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using standard scales.

Results and discussion. It was found that ligament injuries accompany 20–80% of intra-articular DRF fractures. The “gold standard” for osteosynthesis is internal fixation with a volar locking plate. Arthroscopically-assisted techniques allow for anatomical reduction and simultaneous ligament repair. The role of early controlled rehabilitation is emphasized.

Conclusions. Successful treatment depends on a comprehensive approach: accurate diagnosis (magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy), anatomical stable osteosynthesis, simultaneous restoration of ligaments, and early individualized rehabilitation. Promising directions include the development of integrated classifications and the implementation of minimally invasive arthroscopic technologies.